Subsurface Construction, Resulting Ground Movements, and Protection of the Built Environment

这项研究的目的是制定评估，控制和监测地面运动和建筑物的损坏，是可以接受的承包商，设计师和工程师，并将提供足够的和经济的保护结构的准则。 本项目的任务包括以下内容：1）大型模型试验：将建造四个大型模型比例的回接墙（1/10比例），以研究开挖墙刚度和建筑物刚度对潜在建筑物损坏的影响。 这些测试允许控制环境和材料特性，并允许对墙壁、土壤和建筑物进行广泛的仪器和监测。 2)现场数据的收集和分析：挖掘和隧道的现场数据将提供有关全尺寸结构行为的额外信息。 与主要的结构工程公司、承包商和顾问的合作将提供来自美国和国际上各种挖掘和隧道工程的数据。 这些数据的分析和展示将为记录行为和改进监测地面运动和控制损害的指导方针提供关键信息。 3)数值分析：将进行有限元建模，以调查开挖期间和之后地面、挡土墙和周围结构之间的相互作用。 分析结果将与现场情况和大型模型试验结果进行比较。 4)制定和评估控制损害的准则：将在从业人员参加讲习班的情况下，根据结果制定评估和控制地面移动和限制建筑物损害的准则。 这些建议将为估计各种条件下的典型地面运动建立指导方针，并帮助确定经济和准确的方法来监测地面运动和建筑物的反应。 对这些指南的评估将围绕两个研讨会进行，这两个研讨会将允许工程、建筑、保护和建筑界的领导者广泛参与，以确保所产生的指南和建议是安全、公平、可用和具有成本效益的，并在设计和施工领域得到适当传播。

This research is aimed at developing guidelines for assessing, controlling, and monitoring ground movements and building damage that are acceptable to contractors, designers, and preservationists and that will provide adequate and economic protection of structures. Tasks in this project include the following: 1) Large model-scale tests: Four large model-scale tieback walls (1/10th scale) will be constructed to investigate the effects of excavation wall stiffness and building stiffness on potential building damage. These tests allow control of the environment and material properties, and permit extensive instrumentation and monitoring of wall, soil, and building. 2) Collection and analyses of field date: Field data from excavations and tunneling will provide additional information on behavior of full-scale structures. Collaboration with major structural engineering firms, contractors and consultants will provide data from a wide variety of excavation and tunneling projects both in the U.S. and internationally. Analysis and presentation of these data will furnish critical information for documenting behavior and improving guidelines for monitoring ground movement and controlling damage. 3) Numerical analyses: Finite element modeling will be conducted to investigate the interaction between ground, retaining walls, and surrounding structures during and after excavation. Results of analyses will be compared with field cases and with results from large model scale tests. 4) Development and assessment of guidelines for controlling damage: Guidelines for evaluating and controlling ground movements and limiting building damage will be developed from the results with participation of practitioners in workshops. The recommendations will establish guidelines for estimating typical ground movements for various conditions, and help identify economical and accurate ways to monitor ground movements and building response. Assessment of these guidelines will center around two workshops that will allow broad-based participation by leaders in the engineering, architecture, preservation, and construction communities to ensure that the guidelines and recommendations generated will be safe, fair, usable, and cost-effective as well as properly disseminated in spheres of both design and construction.