Electromagnetic Structure of the Neutron

中子和质子是物质的两个基本组成部分。了解中子的电荷结构对于理解物质的结构是必不可少的。这一知识对于电磁原子核结构的详细微观计算、检验粒子结构的演化组成夸克模型以及从破坏宇称的电子散射实验中提取质子的奇特夸克含量都是必要的。目前关于中子电荷结构的知识不足以满足这些需求。杰斐逊实验室(JLab)实验93-038解决了关于中子电荷结构性质的这个基本问题：中子内部组成夸克的空间分布是什么？在这项实验中，纵向极化的电子以准弹性的方式从一个氦中的中子散射而来。JLAB e93-038将利用专门为测量中子侧面极化分量的散射不对称性而设计的中子偏振仪探测器。氘准弹性散射的另一个优点是，对结果的解释不受涉及氚结构的理论模型的影响。JLAB e93-038目前具有实现比其他技术更小的统计和系统不确定度的科学潜力。

9722533MadeyThe neutron and the proton are the two basic building blocks of matter.Knowledge of the charge structure of the neutron is essential to understanding the structure of matter. This knowledge is needed for detailed microscopic calculations of electromagnetic nuclear structure, for testing evolving constituent quark models of particle structure, and for extraction of the strange quark content of the proton from parity-violating electron scattering experiments. Current knowledge of the neutron charge structure is insufficient to meet these needs. Jefferson Laboratory (JLab) Experiment 93-038 addresses this fundamental question regarding the nature of the charge structure of the neutron: What is the spatial distribution of the constituent quarks within the neutron? In this experiment, longitudinally polarized electrons scatter quasielastically from a neutron in deuterium. JLab E93-038 will utilize a neutron polarimeter detector designed specifically for the measurement of the scattering asymmetry from the sideways polarization component of the neutron. Another advantage of quasielastic scattering from deuterium is that the interpretation of the results is insensitive to theoretical models involving the structure of the deuteron. JLab E93-038 has the scientific potential for achieving smaller statistical and systematic uncertainties than other techniques at this time.