Towards a new global view of nuclear structure and nuclear matter through nuclei with large neutron to proton ratio

通过大中子与质子比的原子核走向核结构和核物质的新的全球视野

• 批准号: SAPIN-2017-00030
• 负责人: Kanungo, Rituparna
• 金额: $ 8.74万
• 依托单位: Saint Mary's University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Subatomic Physics Envelope - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=743984
• 关键词: Towards; new; global; view; nuclear

Searching for our origins has been one of mankind's greatest quests. Nuclei form the core of all matter. Their properties determine their interactions, allowing for the creation of elements necessary for our survival. It is through cascade of reactions of nuclei in the core of stars that key elements such as carbon, oxygen, iron and calcium that are necessary for our survival, came into being. Some environments in the universe are such that nuclei there have largely asymmetric ratio of neutrons to protons. Therefore, these neutron-proton asymmetric nuclei form the pathways to existence of majority of the matter, particularly heavy elements, that we see around us. The neutron-proton asymmetric nuclei are unfolding before us an unexpectedly new view of the nucleus, questioning and challenging our century-old knowledge of nuclei and nuclear forces. Unraveling the secrets of these exotic nuclei is now the forefront research activity in nuclear physics worldwide. These nuclei being very short-lived do not exist in natural way on earth. Over the last two decades scientists have made a remarkable achievement to produce these rare isotopes in the laboratory through nuclear reactions. This research program uses accelerated beams of such rare isotopes to step out of the restricted knowledge we have from stable nuclear species on earth. The research results are Canada's major contribution to a massive effort world-wide in forming a complete global view of nuclei in the cosmos. This fundamental research will thus enlighten our society about the fundamental secrets behind nature's creation of neutron-rich objects in the universe and what drives exploding stars to create majority of the elements that we see around us.

寻找我们的起源一直是人类最伟大的探索之一。原子核构成了所有物质的核心。它们的性质决定了它们的相互作用，允许创造出我们生存所必需的元素。正是通过恒星核心中的原子核的级联反应，才产生了我们生存所必需的关键元素，如碳、氧、铁和钙。宇宙中的一些环境是这样的，那里的原子核具有很大程度上不对称的中子与质子的比率。因此，这些中子-质子不对称核形成了我们周围大多数物质，特别是重元素存在的途径。中子-质子不对称核正在我们面前展现出一种出人意料的新核观，质疑和挑战我们对原子核和核力的百年知识。解开这些奇异原子核的秘密，现在是全世界核物理学的前沿研究活动。这些原子核寿命很短，在地球上并不是以自然的方式存在的。在过去的二十年里，科学家们通过核反应在实验室中生产出了这些稀有的同位素，取得了令人瞩目的成就。这项研究计划使用这种稀有同位素的加速射束，走出了我们对地球上稳定的核物种的有限了解。这些研究成果是加拿大对世界范围内形成完整的宇宙原子核全球视野的巨大努力的重大贡献。因此，这项基础研究将启发我们的社会，了解自然界在宇宙中创造富中子物体背后的基本秘密，以及是什么驱使爆炸中的恒星产生我们周围看到的大多数元素。