Antarctic Meteorological Research Center (AMRC): 1998-2002

南极气象研究中心（AMRC）：1998-2002

• 批准号: 9725398
• 负责人: Charles Stearns
• 金额: $ 14.95万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-09-15 至 2000-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9725398&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Antarctic; Meteorological; Research; Center; AMRC

The Antarctic Meteorological Research Center (AMRC), one of three research centers in the Science and Engineering Technology Center at McMurdo, is a resource for meteorological research and a test bed for improving operational synoptic forecasting. The Man- Computer Interactive Data Access System (McIDAS), a versatile computer-based system for organizing, manipulating, and integrating antarctic environmental data forms the basis of AMRC. It captures the flow of meteorological information from polar orbiting satellites, automatic weather stations, operational station synoptic observations, and research project data. It also receives environmental data products, such as weather forecasts, from outside Antarctica, and acts as a repository for existing archived data bases. Phase I began in the 1992-93 summer season and consisted of the installation and operation of work stations capable of manipulating and displaying Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data based on the existing satellite imagery acquisition system. This was followed by the acquisition and integration of a system that provided data collection, data display and archiving, scientific applications, network communications, and remote user access. The McIDAS system, developed at the University of Wisconsin in the mid-1970's, ingests meteorological data from various sources: standard synoptic observations, radiosonde profiles, satellite- based visible and infra-red imagery, atmospheric profiles inverted from multi-spectral scanning sensors, and non-standard data such as TOMS ozone data, SAR sea ice information, and the AWS network observations. The system automatically registers, calibrates, and locates (by geographical coordinates) the ingested information and allows a user at a work station to manipulate the data base. The manipulations include sectorization, false color, enhancements, brightness stretching, overlays, looping, differencing, and are quite definitely keyed to syn optic meteorological research and weather forecasting. The antarctic system is based primarily on data streams provided by polar orbiters (AVHRR/HRPT and DMSP), since the look angles from geostationary satellites are so extremely low. The full utilization of McIDAS capabilities in producing meteorological data products useful in both forecasting and research will include a data transfer and communications capability to, for example, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology(ABOM), the University of Wisconsin Space Science and Engineering Center (SSEC), the Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center (FNOC), Monterey, and the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMRWF), Reading, U.K. The current phase includes the expansion of the archived data base, the design of the system to accept data from future polar- orbiting satellites, and the continuation of product generation and user support. ***

南极气象研究中心（AMRC）是位于麦克默多的科学与工程技术中心的三个研究中心之一，是气象研究的资源和改进业务天气预报的试验台。 人机交互式数据存取系统（McIDAS）是一个多功能的基于计算机的系统，用于组织、处理和集成人工环境数据，它构成了AMRC的基础。 它捕获来自极地轨道卫星、自动气象站、业务站天气观测和研究项目数据的气象信息流。 它还接收来自南极洲以外的环境数据产品，如天气预报，并充当现有存档数据库的存放处。 第一阶段始于1992- 1993年夏季，包括安装和运行能够根据现有卫星图像采集系统处理和显示高级甚高分辨率辐射计数据的工作站。 随后又购置和整合了一个系统，该系统提供数据收集、数据显示和存档、科学应用、网络通信和远程用户访问。 20世纪70年代中期由威斯康星州大学开发的McIDAS系统从各种来源摄取气象数据：标准天气观测、无线电探空仪廓线、基于卫星的可见光和红外图像、从多光谱扫描传感器反演的大气廓线以及诸如TOMS臭氧数据、SAR海冰信息和AWS网络观测的非标准数据。 该系统自动登记、校准和定位（通过地理坐标）摄入的信息，并允许工作站的用户操作数据库。 操作包括扇区化，假色，增强，亮度拉伸，叠加，循环，差分，并且非常明确地关键于同步光学气象研究和天气预报。 由于地球静止卫星的视角极低，因此该系统主要以极地轨道器（高级甚高分辨率辐射计/高分辨率穿透成像仪和DMSP）提供的数据流为基础。 充分利用McIDAS的能力，制作对预报和研究都有用的气象数据产品，将包括向澳大利亚气象局、威斯康星州大学空间科学和工程中心、蒙特雷舰队数值海洋学中心、和位于英国阅读的欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMRWF）。 目前的阶段包括扩大存档数据库、设计接受未来极轨道卫星数据的系统以及继续生产产品和提供用户支助。 ***