Collaborative Research: The Automatic Weather Station Program: Antarctic Meteorological Sentinel Service 2024-2027

南极自动气象站（AWS）计划是一个长期的自动化地面天气观测网络，测量关键的标准气象参数，包括温度、湿度、风速和风向、气压、太阳辐射和积雪。该网络的观测支持天气预报、科学研究和教育活动，收集的所有数据都向公众提供。该项目将继续维护和运营现有网络。这些数据提供了地球上这个非常偏远地区唯一可用的天气观测数据。为了确保准确性，通过自动化方法和专家审查相结合的方式对观察结果进行审查和检查，以确保数据能够用于广泛的研究领域。该项目将由一个由科学家、研究人员和学生组成的团队监督，新成立的AWS顾问委员会将提供独立的意见和指导。该项目的活动将侧重于AWS网络的持续运营、AWS咨询委员会的建立、学生参与和外联活动。该项目将继续维护自动气象站系统，同时升级自动气象站网络气象数据的实时处理。该小组将继续适应通信方法的变化，以确保数据得到广泛和及时的分发。NSF之前对极地气候和气象站（PCWS）的投资被用来开发一个强大的生产版本，可以在南极洲全年可靠地使用。AWS的观测数据将受到质量控制，并被放入一个数据库，公众可以在其中搜索和选择观测数据的子集。为了解决温度观测中相互矛盾的辐射屏蔽设置，该团队计划在南极站测试部署了一年的不同辐射屏蔽（有抽吸和没有抽吸）。该项目将由一个由不同同行组成的独立小组通过新开发的AWS顾问委员会提供建议。该团队将把来自各个层次的学生纳入项目的各个方面，包括PCWS的研究设计，工程和生产以及现场部署。通过与来自美国几个州的电视气象学家的互动，将南极洲带到公众面前。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The Antarctic Automatic Weather Station (AWS) program is a long-term automated surface weather observing network measuring key standard meteorological parameters, including temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, barometric pressure, solar radiation, and snow accumulation. Observations from the network support weather forecasting, science research, and educational activities, and all data collected are made available to the public. This project will continue to maintain and operate the existing network. These data provide some of the only available weather observations in this very remote portion of the Earth. To ensure fidelity, observations are reviewed and checked for errors by a combination of automated methods and expert review, enabling the data to be used in a wide range of research areas. The project will be overseen by a team of scientists, researchers, and students, and a newly created AWS Advisory Board will provide independent input and guidance. The activities for this project will be focused on the continued operation of the AWS network, establishment of an AWS Advisory Board, student engagement and outreach activities. This project will continue to maintain the AWS systems while upgrading the real-time processing of meteorological data from the AWS network. The team will continue to adapt to changes communication methods to ensure that data is distributed widely and in a timely manner. Prior NSF investments in the Polar Climate and Weather Station (PCWS) are leveraged to develop a robust production version that can be reliably used year-round in Antarctica. AWS observations will be quality-controlled and placed into a database where the public will be able to search and select subsets of observations. To resolve conflicting radiation shield setups for temperature observations, the team plans to test different radiation shields (with and without aspiration) deployed for one year at South Pole Station. The project will be advised by an independent group of diverse peers through a newly developed AWS Advisory Board. The team will incorporate students from all levels in all aspects of the project, including in the research design, engineering and productions of the PCWS, and in field deployments. A concerted effort to engage the public will be undertaken via scaled-up interactions with television meteorologists from several states across the US to bring Antarctica to the public.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.