Volcanic Cloud/Atmosphere Interactions: The First Week

火山云/大气相互作用：第一周

• 批准号: 9725682
• 负责人: William Rose
• 金额: $ 20.39万
• 依托单位: Michigan Technological University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-12-15 至 2000-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9725682&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Volcanic; Cloud; Atmosphere; Interactions; First

9725682 Rose This proposal is aimed at the investigation of the first week or so of interaction between volcanic clouds and the atmosphere, when silicates are still present or maybe even dominant. We will use data jointly obtained from two satellite detectors: a) a two band infrared detection system that is aboard many satellites and which retrieves data on the size and masses of silicate particles, and b) an ultraviolet detector (TOMS), which is capable of measuring SO2 and can also provide data on silicates. Our research foci are to: 1) investigate the shape of volcanic particles with long (2 hrs) atmospheric residence; 2) study the occurrences of anomalous distal fallout (ADF), where fallout of fine ash occurs in unusual thicknesses very far from the volcano after tens of hours in the atmosphere; and 3) investigate the chemical interaction of irregular volcanic silicates with gases in the volcanic cloud, including the wettability of the ash and the adsorption of SO2 and other gases on ash surfaces. The primary goal of this research is to produce a quantitative shape index for use in calculating the fallout rates of small particles. The proposed research is driven by the issue of aircraft hazards of volcanic clouds and by the need to understand the potential hazards of distal fallout based explaining past events in the geologic record.

9725682罗斯这个提议的目的是调查火山云和大气之间相互作用的第一周左右，当时硅酸盐仍然存在，甚至可能占主导地位。我们将使用从两个卫星探测器联合获得的数据：a）一个双波段红外探测系统，它搭载在许多卫星上，可以检索硅酸盐颗粒的大小和质量的数据，和B）紫外线探测器（TOMS），它能够测量二氧化硫，也可以提供硅酸盐的数据。我们的研究重点是：（1）调查在大气中停留时间长（2小时）的火山颗粒的形状;（2）研究异常远地沉降物（ADF）的发生情况，即细灰沉降物在大气中停留数十小时后，在离火山很远的地方以不寻常的厚度出现;研究不规则火山硅酸盐与火山云中气体的化学作用，包括灰的润湿性和SO2和其它气体在灰表面上的吸附。这项研究的主要目标是产生一个定量的形状指数，用于计算小颗粒的沉降率。拟议的研究是由火山云的飞机危害问题和需要了解的潜在危害的远端沉降物的基础上解释过去的事件在地质记录。