Phylogenetic and Monographic Studies in the Aralia-Panax Complex of the Ginseng Family (Araliaceae)

项目名称：人参科木参复合体的系统发育和专题研究东亚和北美东部许多形态相似的植物的不相交分布代表了一种众所周知的生物地理格局。然而，最近的研究表明，尽管Liquidambar具有高度的形态内聚性，但作为北温带生物地理模式的Liquidambar已经产生了亚热带属Altingia和半Liquidambar。温博士实验室的这些研究强烈表明，有必要在更广泛的生物地理背景下，包括温带、亚热带和热带地区，研究其他东亚和北美东部分离带的进化。包括药用人参、西洋参和三七在内的楤木-人参复合体是此类研究的理想候选者。本属约有75种，广泛分布于亚洲和美洲的温带和热带地区；温博士将在阿根廷、秘鲁、印度尼西亚、中国、尼泊尔和越南为这项研究收集标本。在东亚和北美洲有三个主要类群（七属、楤木组和异花蕨组）的不间断分布。PI先前的研究记录了这三个谱系的系统发育模式，并表明东亚和北美东部分支之间的密切关系被过分强调了。本研究的目标是：(1)利用形态学、核糖体DNA和叶绿体DNA的证据构建一个强有力的木本-七属植物复合体的系统发育；(2)在温带和热带亚洲和美洲更广泛的背景下研究东亚和北美东部的分离模式；(3)评估该复合体的先前分类，并研究几个常用的分类特征的进化。4)对人参和木参进行分类处理；5)建立一个具有重要经济意义的人参属系统分类的万维网页面，发布形态学和命名法、分类关键字、物种描述、分布图、保护状况、民族植物学、常用名称、显示诊断特征的彩色照片和更新的参考文献等信息。人参属植物的分类处理对今后的药理和生态学研究以及平衡这些资源的保护和人类利用具有重要意义。该研究还将为植物系统发育比较中不同类型数据的相对效用提供重要见解。

9726830 Wen Project Title: Phylogenetic and Monographic Studies in the Aralia - Panax Complex of the Ginseng Family (Araliaceae) The disjunct distribution of many morphologically similar plants in eastern Asia and eastern North America represents a well-known biogeographical pattern. However, Liquidambar, a biogeographic model in the North Temperate zone, recently was shown to have given rise to the subtropical genera, Altingia and Semiliquidambar, despite high levels of morphological cohesion in Liquidambar. These studies from Dr. Wen's laboratory strongly suggest the need for examining the evolution of other eastern Asian and eastern North American disjuncts in a broader biogeographical context, including temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions. The Aralia - Panax complex, which includes the medicinally important ginseng species, American ginseng and sanchi, is an ideal candidate for such a study. The genera consist of approximately 75 species that have a wide distribution in the temperate and tropical regions in Asia and the Americas; Dr. Wen will collect specimens for the study in Argentina, Peru, Indonesia, China, Nepal, and Vietnam. Three major groups (Panax, Aralia sect. Aralia, and Aralia sect. Dimorphanthus) have disjunct distributions in eastern Asia and North America. Previous studies by the PI documented phylogenetic patterns in each of the three lineages and suggested that the close relationship between the eastern Asian and eastern North American disjuncts has been over emphasized. The goals of this study are to 1) construct a robust phylogeny of the Aralia - Panax complex with evidence from morphology, nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast DNA, 2) examine the eastern Asian and eastern North American disjunct pattern in the broader context of temperate and tropical Asia and the Americas, 3) evaluate the previous classification of the complex and examine the evolution of several frequently used taxonomic characters, 4) provide taxonomic treatments for Panax and Aralia sect. Aralia, and 5) develop a World Wide Web page on the systematics of the economically important ginseng genus, posting information on morphology and nomenclature, taxonomic keys, species descriptions, distribution maps, conservation status, ethnobotany, common names, color photographs showing diagnostic characters, and updated references. The taxonomic treatment of the ginseng genus will be valuable for future pharmacological and ecological research and for efforts to balance the conservation and the human use of these resources. This study will also provide important insights into the relative utility of different types of data for phylogenetic comparisons in plants.