Phylogenetic and Monographic Studies in the Aralia-Panax Complex of the Ginseng Family (Araliaceae)

9726830 WEN项目标题：人参科(五加科)人参-人参复合体的系统发育和专题研究在东亚和北美东部，许多形态相似的植物的间断分布代表了众所周知的生物地理格局。然而，Liquidambar是北温带的一个生物地理模式，最近被证明产生了亚热带的Altingia属和Semiliquidambar属，尽管Liquidambar具有很高的形态凝聚力。温博士实验室的这些研究强烈表明，有必要在更广泛的生物地理背景下，包括温带、亚热带和热带地区，研究其他东亚和北美东部分离的演化。Aralia-Panax复合体，包括药用上重要的人参品种西洋参和三七，是进行此类研究的理想候选者。该属由大约75种组成，广泛分布于亚洲和美洲的温带和热带地区；温博士将在阿根廷、秘鲁、印度尼西亚、中国、尼泊尔和越南收集标本进行研究。三个主要群体(Panax、Aralia Sec.和阿拉木组(Aralia Sec.)在东亚和北美的分布是不连续的。PI之前的研究记录了这三个谱系的系统发育模式，并表明东亚和北美东部分离之间的密切关系被过分强调。本研究的目标是：1)根据形态、核糖体DNA和叶绿体DNA的证据，构建一个可靠的Aralia-Panax复合体的系统发育；2)在更广泛的温带和热带亚洲和美洲的背景下，研究东亚和北美东部的分离模式；3)评估以前对该复合体的分类，并检查几个常用的分类学特征的进化；4)为人参和Aralia组提供分类学处理。和5)开发一个关于经济上重要的人参属分类学的万维网网页，张贴关于形态和命名、分类检索表、物种描述、分布图、保护状况、民族植物学、通用名称、显示诊断特征的彩色照片和最新参考文献的信息。对人参属的分类处理将对未来的药理学和生态学研究以及努力平衡这些资源的保护和人类利用具有重要价值。这项研究还将为不同类型的数据在植物系统发育比较中的相对效用提供重要的见解。

9726830 Wen Project Title: Phylogenetic and Monographic Studies in the Aralia - Panax Complex of the Ginseng Family (Araliaceae) The disjunct distribution of many morphologically similar plants in eastern Asia and eastern North America represents a well-known biogeographical pattern. However, Liquidambar, a biogeographic model in the North Temperate zone, recently was shown to have given rise to the subtropical genera, Altingia and Semiliquidambar, despite high levels of morphological cohesion in Liquidambar. These studies from Dr. Wen's laboratory strongly suggest the need for examining the evolution of other eastern Asian and eastern North American disjuncts in a broader biogeographical context, including temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions. The Aralia - Panax complex, which includes the medicinally important ginseng species, American ginseng and sanchi, is an ideal candidate for such a study. The genera consist of approximately 75 species that have a wide distribution in the temperate and tropical regions in Asia and the Americas; Dr. Wen will collect specimens for the study in Argentina, Peru, Indonesia, China, Nepal, and Vietnam. Three major groups (Panax, Aralia sect. Aralia, and Aralia sect. Dimorphanthus) have disjunct distributions in eastern Asia and North America. Previous studies by the PI documented phylogenetic patterns in each of the three lineages and suggested that the close relationship between the eastern Asian and eastern North American disjuncts has been over emphasized. The goals of this study are to 1) construct a robust phylogeny of the Aralia - Panax complex with evidence from morphology, nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast DNA, 2) examine the eastern Asian and eastern North American disjunct pattern in the broader context of temperate and tropical Asia and the Americas, 3) evaluate the previous classification of the complex and examine the evolution of several frequently used taxonomic characters, 4) provide taxonomic treatments for Panax and Aralia sect. Aralia, and 5) develop a World Wide Web page on the systematics of the economically important ginseng genus, posting information on morphology and nomenclature, taxonomic keys, species descriptions, distribution maps, conservation status, ethnobotany, common names, color photographs showing diagnostic characters, and updated references. The taxonomic treatment of the ginseng genus will be valuable for future pharmacological and ecological research and for efforts to balance the conservation and the human use of these resources. This study will also provide important insights into the relative utility of different types of data for phylogenetic comparisons in plants.