Viral Attenuation and Adaptation to Multiple Hosts
病毒减毒和对多个宿主的适应
基本信息
- 批准号:9726902
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 14.4万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:1998
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:1998-03-01 至 2002-02-28
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Bull 9726902 Many viruses infect several host species. Yet the process by which a virus adapts to multiple hosts as well as expands to new hosts is not known. Viruses that infect multiple species often consist of strains that are individually adapted to some hosts, with other strains adapted to other hosts. Introduction of a virus into a new host species may result in infections that are not propagated in that species (e.g., human infections by Ebola, hanta, and rabies virus) or may cause devastating epidemics (HIV in humans, seal plague in harbor seals, canine distemper virus in lions). Virologists have long exploited differential adaptation among alternative hosts by creating vaccines for one species either from viruses of a closely-related species or by growing viruses in cultured cells of another species to attenuate virulence. This study will develop a bacteriophage system to study adaptation to a pair of host species. Preliminary work with the phage phi X174 has revealed a one-sided adaptation: prolonged growth on one of the hosts results in changes that inhibit growth on the other host, but growth on the other host does not have the corresponding effect. The proposed work will explore this host-specific adaptation under a wide range of long term and short term conditions, monitoring fitness and genotype changes that accompany the adaptation. The study should establish a framework for the larger realm of host-specific adaptation and attenuation in viruses. More generally, the work is an experimental system of the genetic basis of adaptation that offers a level of manipulation and thoroughness of genetic and fitness assay that has not been achieved in other systems.
Bull 9726902许多病毒感染几种宿主物种。然而,病毒如何适应多个宿主并扩展到新的宿主的过程尚不清楚。感染多个物种的病毒通常由单独适应某些宿主的毒株和适应其他宿主的其他毒株组成。将一种病毒引入一个新的宿主物种,可能会导致在该物种中无法传播的感染(例如,埃博拉病毒、汉塔病毒和狂犬病病毒在人类中的感染),或者可能导致毁灭性的流行病(人类感染艾滋病毒,斑海豹感染海豹鼠疫,狮子感染犬瘟热病毒)。长期以来,病毒学家一直在利用不同宿主之间的差异适应,通过从密切相关物种的病毒中为一个物种制造疫苗,或在另一个物种的培养细胞中培养病毒来减弱毒力。本研究将开发一个噬菌体系统来研究对一对宿主物种的适应性。对噬菌体phi X174的初步研究揭示了一种单侧适应:在一个宿主上的长时间生长会导致抑制另一个宿主生长的变化,但在另一个宿主上的生长不会产生相应的影响。这项工作将在广泛的长期和短期条件下探索这种宿主特异性适应,监测适应性和伴随适应的基因型变化。这项研究应该为病毒宿主特异性适应和衰减的更大领域建立一个框架。更一般地说,这项工作是一个适应遗传基础的实验系统,它提供了在其他系统中尚未实现的遗传和适应性分析的操纵和彻底性水平。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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James Bull其他文献
Myelography
- DOI:
10.1007/bf00345863 - 发表时间:
1971-03-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:2.600
- 作者:
James Bull - 通讯作者:
James Bull
The angiographic pattern of the petrosal veins in the normal and pathological
- DOI:
10.1007/bf00347654 - 发表时间:
1970-04-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:2.600
- 作者:
James Bull;Piotr Kozlowski - 通讯作者:
Piotr Kozlowski
Investigating the Role of Byproduct Oxygen in UK-Based Future Scenario Models for Green Hydrogen Electrolysis
研究副产品氧气在英国绿色氢电解未来情景模型中的作用
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2024 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:3.2
- 作者:
Cameron Campbell;Victor Becerra;Shanker Prabhu;James Bull - 通讯作者:
James Bull
Roadmap on dynamics of molecules and clusters in the gas phase
- DOI:
10.1140/epjd/s10053-021-00155-y - 发表时间:
2021-05-11 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:1.500
- 作者:
Henning Zettergren;Alicja Domaracka;Thomas Schlathölter;Paola Bolognesi;Sergio Díaz-Tendero;Marta Łabuda;Sanja Tosic;Sylvain Maclot;Per Johnsson;Amanda Steber;Denis Tikhonov;Mattea Carmen Castrovilli;Lorenzo Avaldi;Sadia Bari;Aleksandar R. Milosavljević;Alicia Palacios;Shirin Faraji;Dariusz G. Piekarski;Patrick Rousseau;Daniela Ascenzi;Claire Romanzin;Ewa Erdmann;Manuel Alcamí;Janina Kopyra;Paulo Limão-Vieira;Jaroslav Kočišek;Juraj Fedor;Simon Albertini;Michael Gatchell;Henrik Cederquist;Henning T. Schmidt;Elisabeth Gruber;Lars H. Andersen;Oded Heber;Yoni Toker;Klavs Hansen;Jennifer A. Noble;Christophe Jouvet;Christina Kjær;Steen Brøndsted Nielsen;Eduardo Carrascosa;James Bull;Alessandra Candian;Annemieke Petrignani - 通讯作者:
Annemieke Petrignani
James Bull的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('James Bull', 18)}}的其他基金
Bench to benthos - predicting ecological community assembly using seagrass restoration
从平台到底栖生物 - 利用海草恢复预测生态群落组装
- 批准号:
NE/X012697/1 - 财政年份:2022
- 资助金额:
$ 14.4万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Excited state dynamics of shape-shifting molecules
变形分子的激发态动力学
- 批准号:
EP/W018691/1 - 财政年份:2022
- 资助金额:
$ 14.4万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
ReSOW UK Restoration of Seagrass for Ocean Wealth UK
ReSOW UK 恢复海草以促进英国海洋财富
- 批准号:
NE/V016385/1 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 14.4万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
2011 Microbial Population Biology Gordon Research Conference
2011年微生物种群生物学戈登研究会议
- 批准号:
1063577 - 财政年份:2011
- 资助金额:
$ 14.4万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Novel strategies to access chiral heterocycles as potential lead compounds in drug discovery
获得手性杂环作为药物发现中潜在先导化合物的新策略
- 批准号:
EP/J001538/1 - 财政年份:2011
- 资助金额:
$ 14.4万 - 项目类别:
Fellowship
DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Experimental Selection for Cheating in a Mutualistic Symbiont
论文研究:互利共生体中作弊的实验选择
- 批准号:
0308780 - 财政年份:2003
- 资助金额:
$ 14.4万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Dissertation Research: Synergistic Epistasis of Random Mutations: Experimental and Theoretical Approaches
论文研究:随机突变的协同上位性:实验和理论方法
- 批准号:
9801639 - 财政年份:1998
- 资助金额:
$ 14.4万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Experimental Population Biology and Genetics of Virus Virulence
实验群体生物学和病毒毒力遗传学
- 批准号:
9407941 - 财政年份:1994
- 资助金额:
$ 14.4万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Dissertation Research: Experimental Molecular Evolution in Bacteriophage
论文研究:噬菌体的实验分子进化
- 批准号:
9411950 - 财政年份:1994
- 资助金额:
$ 14.4万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Dissertation Research: Separating the Effect of History and Ecology on the Bigeography of Day-geckos (Phelsuma): Evidence from mtDNA Analysis
论文研究:分离历史和生态对白壁虎 (Phelsuma) 地理学的影响:mtDNA 分析的证据
- 批准号:
9016403 - 财政年份:1991
- 资助金额:
$ 14.4万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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