Visual Attention and Perception: Locations, Objects, and Organization

视觉注意力和感知：位置、物体和组织

• 批准号: 9728628
• 负责人: Cathleen Moore
• 金额: $ 19.99万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-07-01 至 2002-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9728628&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Visual; Attention; Perception; Locations; Objects

Seeing and acting upon the visual world requires more than the passive registration of visual information. Also required is intentional knowledge-based control over that incoming information. The goal of this research is to investigate the coordination between the relatively passive processes of visual perception and the more active processes of visual attention. Past research has shed light on many aspects of the perceptual organization of incoming information, including the separation of figure from ground, the completion of objects behind occluding surfaces, and the compensation for spurious information such as shadows. The present project concerns when and how the active selection of information occurs relative to when and how the processes of perceptual organization come into play. These issues will be addressed by introducing into traditional visual-attention paradigms manipulations for probing the state of perceptual processes. For example, one such paradigm is visual search, which is a laboratory analogue for real-life visual tasks in which an organism searches its environment for interesting objects, such as mates, predators, and food. To perform this task the participant must guide his or her attention through the scene in an active search for the desired item. The interaction between this guidance of attention and the discounting of spurious changes in illumination will be probed by casting shadows across the display. The results will tell us whether and how the guidance of attention is disrupted by spurious information like shadows, thereby informing us about when compensation for shadows occurs relative to attentional guidance. Enhanced understanding of the coordination between perceptual processing and intentional control over that processing will be useful in a number of domains. First, any situation in which a person must engage in multiple subtasks simultaneously (e.g., during driving, flight-control, and sports) requires this coordination. Basing the development of tools for use in these situations on knowledge of the strengths and weaknesses of the human system will increase the probability of their success. Similarly, knowledge of how humans naturally coordinate perception and attention will be useful for deciding how to present information most effectively (e.g., for medical imaging and other complex data sets).

观看视觉世界并对视觉世界采取行动，需要的不仅仅是被动地记录视觉信息。 还需要对输入信息进行有意的基于知识的控制。 本研究的目的是探讨相对被动的视觉知觉过程和更主动的视觉注意过程之间的协调。 过去的研究已经揭示了传入信息的感知组织的许多方面，包括从地面分离的图形，遮挡表面后面的对象的完成，以及对虚假信息（如阴影）的补偿。 本项目关注的是，相对于知觉组织过程何时以及如何发挥作用，信息的主动选择何时以及如何发生。 这些问题将通过在传统的视觉注意范式中引入用于探测感知过程状态的操作来解决。 例如，一个这样的范例是视觉搜索，这是现实生活中视觉任务的实验室模拟，其中生物体在其环境中搜索有趣的物体，如配偶，捕食者和食物。 为了完成这项任务，参与者必须引导他或她的注意力通过场景主动搜索所需的项目。 通过在显示器上投射阴影，我们将探索这种注意力引导与照明虚假变化之间的相互作用。 这些结果将告诉我们注意力的引导是否以及如何被阴影等虚假信息所破坏，从而告诉我们何时发生相对于注意力引导的阴影补偿。 增强对感知处理和对该处理的有意控制之间的协调的理解将在许多领域中有用。 首先，任何一个人必须同时从事多个子任务的情况（例如，在驾驶、飞行控制和运动期间）需要这种协调。 在了解人类系统的长处和弱点的基础上开发用于这些情况的工具，将增加其成功的可能性。 类似地，人类如何自然地协调感知和注意力的知识将有助于决定如何最有效地呈现信息（例如，用于医学成像和其他复杂数据集）。