SGER: Survey of Employment, Income, and Attitudes in Russia

这是对俄罗斯经济改革的社会后果的研究。国家社会主义经济的系统转型在其范围和对所涉人口的影响方面是和平时期无法比拟的。从国家社会主义的快速过渡向社会学家提出了关键的理论问题：劳动力市场如何应对国家政策制定者指导的制度变化？前国家社会主义社会的市场转型如何改变社会经济分层的模式？在快速体制变革的背景下，哪些因素影响着经济和政治态度？为了回答这些问题，这个项目将研究俄罗斯，国家社会主义的发源地和典范化身。为了解决重要的理论问题，本研究将在一次调查中收集以下数据(和通常的人口统计指标)：1)自1987年以来的就业史，追踪经济改革以来的工作转移和劳动力参与模式；2)改革前时代的社会起源和背景特征，包括受访者和父母对苏联共产党的参与，以确定一个人在以前的社会秩序中的地位如何在新的制度背景下塑造生活机会；3)关于当前就业、家庭结构和物质地位的纵向数据，以阐明随着制度变革的进行，是什么影响个人层面的成功和失败；4)经济和政治态度的纵向数据，揭示态度、就业和收入之间的动态相互作用，并评估俄罗斯态度测量的可靠性。俄罗斯就业、收入和态度调查(SEIAR)将提供第一波关于就业、收入和态度动态的小组研究。SEIAR将分两个阶段部署，一个在1997年11月，一个在1998年1月。由全俄舆论和市场研究中心(VCIOM)编制的每两个月一次的“综合”调查将增加一个包含35个问题的补充单元。由于综合调查已经包含了一些必要的信息，35个项目将足以提供上述的全部内容。这两个数据集将汇集在一起(预计N=4800)。此外，为了确定最终小组调查的可行性，受访者将被问及是否愿意重新接受采访，并将保留适当的记录。调查的独特时间和内容将使我们对俄罗斯的就业、阶层划分和态度的了解有质的飞跃。特别是，这些数据将有助于研究俄罗斯劳动力市场在改革时期是如何演变的，是什么决定了后苏联时代的物质成功和失败，苏联时期的地位如何影响后苏联时代的物质状况，以及是什么决定了俄罗斯人的经济观点。如果小组研究最终从第一轮开始，这些数据将特别有用。然而，第一轮谈判本身将产生重要的见解，因此有必要确定对这些议题进行纵向研究是否可行。

This is a study of the social consequences of economic reforms in Russia. The systemic transformations of state socialist economies have no peacetime parallel in their scope and impact on the populations involved. The rapid transitions from state socialism pose critical theoretical issues for sociologists: How do labor markets respond to institutional change directed by state policy makers? How does market transition in former state socialist societies alter patterns of socio-economic stratification? What factors shape economic and political attitudes in the context of rapid institutional change? To answer these questions this project will study Russia, state socialism's birthplace and paradigmatic incarnation. To address the important theoretical issues, this research will collect the following data (and usual demographic indicators) combined in one survey: 1) employment histories since 1987, to trace job shift and labor force participation patterns since the onset of economic reforms; 2) social origins and background characteristics from the pre-reform era, including respondents' and parents' involvement in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, to determine how one's standing in the previous social order shapes life chances in the new institutional context; 3) longitudinal data on current employment, household structure, and material standing, to illuminate what shapes individual-level success and failure as institutional change proceeds; and 4) longitudinal data on economic and political attitudes, to reveal the dynamic interplay of attitudes, employment, and income, and to assess the reliability of attitude measures in Russia. The Survey of Employment, Income, and Attitudes in Russia (SEIAR) will provide the first wave of what will eventually be a panel study of employment, income and attitude dynamics. SEIAR will be fielded in two stages, one in November 1997, one in January 1998. A supplemental battery of 35 questions will be added to the bi-monthly "Omnibus" surveys con ducted by the All-Russian Center for Public Opinion and Market Research (VCIOM). Since the Omnibus surveys already contain some of the necessary information, 35 items will suffice to provide the full content described above. The two data sets will be pooled (anticipated N=4800). Moreover, to determine the feasibility of an eventual panel survey, respondents will be asked if they are willing to be re-interviewed and the appropriate records will be kept. The unique timing and content of the survey will permit qualitative leaps in our knowledge regarding employment, stratification, and attitudes in Russia. In particular, the data will facilitate studies of how the Russian labor market has evolved over the course of the reform period, what shapes material success and failure in the post-Soviet era, how status in the Soviet period influences post-Soviet material situation, and what determines Russians' economic views. The data will be especially useful should a panel study eventuate from this initial round. However, the initial round will yield important insights by itself, and it is necessary in order to determine whether a longitudinal study on these topics is viable.