Policy Regimes and Gender Differences in Violent Mortality

该项目将研究致命暴力（包括自杀、杀人和事故）对男性和女性造成伤害的性别差异的变化。从时间趋势上看，致命暴力的性别差异随着性别平等的持续变化先缩小后扩大；(2)在年龄上，性别差异趋势逆转的速度更快，在低龄化群体中缩小的幅度较小；(3)就国家差异而言，在具有集体主义政治制度的国家中，这种调整发生得更快，缩小的幅度也较小。该项目将收集以下数据：1953年至1992年间18个国家所有年龄段的男性和女性死于自杀、杀人和事故的死亡率；加班女性劳动力参与率、国民生产总值、失业率、婚姻、离婚、生育率、儿童公共支出、社会保护和产妇保健；促进集体社会保护、社会平等和妇女参与经济和政治的体制结构的国家指标。有了这些数据，我们就可以用自杀、杀人和事故死亡率来衡量每个年龄组、年份和国家的致命暴力的趋势、模式和性别差异，并研究动态和制度变量的影响。虽然主要侧重于宏观层面的过程，但研究结果应该提供对性别不平等变化后果的更详细的理解，并将美国的性别平等经验与具有不同集体社会保护政策和结构的类似高收入民主国家的经验进行比较。

This project will examine changes in gender differences in victimization of men and women by lethal violence, including suicide, homicide, and accidents. The theory motivating the research leads to several predictions: (1) Regarding time trends, gender differences in lethal violence first narrow and then widen with continued change toward gender equality; (2) regarding age, the reversal in the direction of the trend in gender differences occurs more quickly and with a smaller narrowing among younger groups; (3) regarding national differences, the adjustment occurs more quickly and with a smaller narrowing among nations with collectivist political institutions. The project will gather data on: mortality from suicide, homicide, and accidents for men and women of all ages in 18 nations between 1953-1992; over-time female labor force participation, national product, unemployment, marriage, divorce, fertility rates, public spending for children, social protection, and maternity care; national indicators of institutional structures promoting collective social protection, social equality, and women's participation in the economy and polity. With these data we can describe trends, patterns, and variation in gender differences in lethal violence using measures of mortality from suicide, homicide, and accidents for each age group, year, and nation, and study the effects of dynamic and institutional variables. Although focused primarily on macro-level processes, the findings should provide a more detailed understanding of the consequences of changes in gender inequality, and shed light on the experiences of gender equality in the United States compared to the experiences of similar high income democracies with different policies and structures of collective social protection.