Development of A Collection Device for the "Hottest" Known Animal, Alvinella Pompejana from Hydrothermal Vents

开发一种收集装置，用于收集来自热液喷口的“最热门”已知动物 Alvinella Pompejana

• 批准号: 9730878
• 负责人: Horst Felbeck
• 金额: $ 7.44万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-10-01 至 2002-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9730878&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Development; Collection; Device; Hottest; Known

9730878 Abstract Hydrothermal vent communities are characterized by the use of geothermal energy to drive the primary production of organic carbon. The vent communities originated earlier than the Silurian, at least 430 million years ago. Because of the largely local production of food, the organisms are independent of surface produced organic carbon. One genus, the polychaete Alvinella, is found at modern vents and apparently has been a member of this community since the beginning. The members of this genus are characterized by a living habitat in close proximity to black smoker effulent which is exposed to extremely high temperatures of up to 80 oC. We propose to build a heated pressure retaining container to collect live alvinellids and use these for shipboard experiments in already existing pressure vessels. We will test their temperature tolerance and verify measurements made in situ. This should provide access to the apparently most heat tolerant animal known and allow us to begin to investigate the mechanisms allowing this phenomenon. As a final goal, we will describe conditions and metabolic responses which may have developed during the early period on earth and may have been carried over in a refuge from surface extinctions; the hydrothermal vent community.

9730878 摘要 热液喷口群落的特点是利用地热能来驱动有机碳的初级生产。 喷口群落的起源早于志留纪，至少距今 4.3 亿年。 由于食物主要在当地生产，生物体不依赖于地表产生的有机碳。 多毛类 Alvinella 属是在现代喷口发现的，显然从一开始就是这个群落的成员。 该属成员的特点是生活栖息地靠近黑烟囱排放物，且暴露在高达 80 oC 的极高温度下。 我们建议建造一个加热压力保持容器来收集活的alvinellids，并将其用于现有压力容器中的船上实验。 我们将测试它们的温度耐受性并验证现场测量。 这应该可以让我们接触到已知最耐热的动物，并使我们能够开始研究允许这种现象的机制。 作为最终目标，我们将描述地球早期可能形成的条件和代谢反应，并可能在避免地表灭绝的避难所中延续下来；热液喷口群落。