POWRE: Associative Recognition: Recall-to-Reject or Recall-to-Accept

POWRE：联想识别：召回到拒绝或召回到接受

• 批准号: 9753136
• 负责人: Caren Rotello
• 金额: $ 4.86万
• 依托单位: University of Massachusetts Amherst
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-01-01 至 2000-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9753136&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: POWRE; Associative; Recognition; Recall; Reject

Many researchers have hypothesized that recognition judgments are a result of two separate processes: a rapid familiarity-based process and a slower recall-like process. That is, recognition judgments that must be made very quickly are generally thought to be based on how familiar the test item seems, whereas judgments that are made more slowly may be partially or entirely based on a search of memory for the test item itself. The slower recall process has usually been assumed to function as a recall-to-reject process in which mismatching information that is retrieved from memory is used to reject a test probe. Recently, however, Heit and Jones (1996) tested the recall-to-reject account of item recognition and found no support for such a mechanism. In contrast, they found evidence consistent with a recall-to-accept process in which matching information is retrieved from memory to facilitate acceptance of a studied item. The current research extends Heit and Jones's work into the domain of associative recognition, in which two items or events are recognized as having occurred together in the past. Such associative recognition judgments have been thought to be based on a slow recall-to-reject process in addition to the fast familiarity-based process, for intuitively simple reasons. Recalling, for example, that John is married to Susan allows one to reject the idea that John is married to Mary. The specific nature of the recall process in associative recognition has important implications for the development of mathematical models of memory. Currently, many of those models assume that recognition judgments of both items and associations are based exclusively on the overall familiarity of the test item(s). The more familiar something seems, the more likely it is to be judged as `old;` as something that was experienced before. However, several lines of research have demonstrated that such a simple process cannot account for all recognition judgments. Clearly, then, the models need to be revised. The manner in which the models should be updated is not entirely obvious though, in part because we do not have adequate information about the operation of the recall component of recognition. The data that will be collected in the current research will inform memory modelers about the specific nature of that recall process. Armed with such information, our models can be revised in appropriate ways, with a minimum of false-starts, and our understanding of memory in general will be enhanced. This research meets the objectives of the POWRE program in two ways. First, it explores a very new aspect of memory. Although previous researchers have hypothesized that two processes might be involved in recognition, until recently no one has evaluated the specific nature of the recall-like component. Second, the investigator is at a critical point in her career regarding tenure consideration. The POWRE grant will allow for increased productivity, thus enhancing the investigator's potential for advancement and leadership in her field.

许多研究人员假设，再认判断是两个不同过程的结果：快速的基于熟悉的过程和较慢的类似回忆的过程。也就是说，必须非常快作出的识别判断通常被认为是基于测试项看起来有多熟悉，而较慢作出的判断可能部分或完全基于对测试项本身的记忆搜索。较慢的调用过程通常被认为是一个从调用到拒绝的过程，在该过程中，使用从内存检索到的不匹配信息来拒绝测试探针。然而，最近，Heit和Jones(1996)测试了物品识别的召回到拒绝的描述，发现没有发现对这种机制的支持。相反，他们发现了与回忆-接受过程一致的证据，在这个过程中，匹配的信息被从记忆中检索出来，以促进对研究项目的接受。目前的研究将Heit和Jones的工作扩展到联想识别领域，在该领域中，两个项目或事件被识别为在过去一起发生过。由于直观上的简单原因，这种联想识别判断被认为是基于一个缓慢的回忆到拒绝的过程，以及基于快速熟悉程度的过程。例如，回想起约翰和苏珊结婚，人们就可以拒绝约翰和玛丽结婚的想法。联想识别中回忆过程的特殊性对发展记忆的数学模型具有重要意义。目前，许多模型都假设对试题和联想的再认判断完全基于试题的总体熟悉度(S)。看起来越熟悉的东西，就越有可能被判断为“旧的”；被认为是以前经历过的东西。然而，一些研究表明，这样一个简单的过程不能解释所有的承认判断。因此，这些模型显然需要修改。然而，更新模型的方式并不完全明显，部分原因是我们没有关于识别的召回部分运作的足够信息。将在当前研究中收集的数据将向记忆建模人员提供有关回忆过程的具体性质的信息。有了这些信息，我们的模型可以以适当的方式进行修改，错误开始的次数最少，我们对记忆的总体理解将得到增强。这项研究在两个方面满足了POWRE计划的目标。首先，它探索了记忆的一个非常新的方面。尽管之前的研究人员假设识别可能涉及两个过程，但直到最近，还没有人评估类似回忆的部分的具体性质。其次，调查员正处于她职业生涯中关于终身教职考虑的关键时刻。POWRE拨款将允许提高生产率，从而增强研究人员在其领域的进步和领导潜力。