POWRE: Associative Recognition: Recall-to-Reject or Recall-to-Accept

许多研究人员假设，识别判断是两个独立过程的结果：一个快速的基于熟悉的过程和一个较慢的类似回忆的过程。也就是说，必须快速做出的识别判断通常被认为是基于对测试项目的熟悉程度，而做出更慢的判断可能部分或完全基于对测试项目本身的记忆搜索。较慢的回忆过程通常被认为是一个从回忆到拒绝的过程，在这个过程中，从记忆中检索到的不匹配信息被用来拒绝测试探针。然而，最近海特和琼斯（1996）测试了项目识别的回忆-拒绝帐户，并没有发现支持这种机制。相反，他们发现了与回忆-接受过程相一致的证据，在这个过程中，从记忆中检索匹配的信息，以促进对研究项目的接受。目前的研究将海特和琼斯的工作扩展到联想识别领域，在联想识别中，两个项目或事件被识别为在过去一起发生过。这种联想识别判断被认为是基于一个缓慢的回忆-拒绝过程，以及快速的基于熟悉的过程，原因很简单。例如，回忆一下约翰和苏珊结婚的事，人们就可以拒绝约翰和玛丽结婚的想法。联想识别中回忆过程的特殊性对记忆数学模型的发展具有重要意义。目前，这些模型中的许多都假设对项目和关联的识别判断完全基于对测试项目的总体熟悉程度。一些东西看起来越熟悉，就越有可能被判断为“旧的”；’就像以前经历过的一样。然而，一些研究表明，这样一个简单的过程并不能解释所有的识别判断。显然，这些模型需要修改。然而，模型应该更新的方式并不完全明显，部分原因是我们没有足够的信息来了解识别的召回部分的操作。在当前的研究中收集的数据将告诉记忆建模者回忆过程的具体性质。有了这些信息，我们的模型就可以以适当的方式进行修正，最大限度地减少错误启动，我们对记忆的总体理解也将得到加强。这项研究在两个方面满足了power计划的目标。首先，它探索了记忆的一个非常新的方面。尽管之前的研究人员已经假设识别过程可能涉及两个过程，但直到最近，还没有人评估过类似回忆的成分的具体性质。其次，研究人员在其职业生涯中处于终身职位考虑的关键时刻。power补助金将允许提高生产力，从而增强研究者在其领域的进步和领导潜力。

Many researchers have hypothesized that recognition judgments are a result of two separate processes: a rapid familiarity-based process and a slower recall-like process. That is, recognition judgments that must be made very quickly are generally thought to be based on how familiar the test item seems, whereas judgments that are made more slowly may be partially or entirely based on a search of memory for the test item itself. The slower recall process has usually been assumed to function as a recall-to-reject process in which mismatching information that is retrieved from memory is used to reject a test probe. Recently, however, Heit and Jones (1996) tested the recall-to-reject account of item recognition and found no support for such a mechanism. In contrast, they found evidence consistent with a recall-to-accept process in which matching information is retrieved from memory to facilitate acceptance of a studied item. The current research extends Heit and Jones's work into the domain of associative recognition, in which two items or events are recognized as having occurred together in the past. Such associative recognition judgments have been thought to be based on a slow recall-to-reject process in addition to the fast familiarity-based process, for intuitively simple reasons. Recalling, for example, that John is married to Susan allows one to reject the idea that John is married to Mary. The specific nature of the recall process in associative recognition has important implications for the development of mathematical models of memory. Currently, many of those models assume that recognition judgments of both items and associations are based exclusively on the overall familiarity of the test item(s). The more familiar something seems, the more likely it is to be judged as `old;` as something that was experienced before. However, several lines of research have demonstrated that such a simple process cannot account for all recognition judgments. Clearly, then, the models need to be revised. The manner in which the models should be updated is not entirely obvious though, in part because we do not have adequate information about the operation of the recall component of recognition. The data that will be collected in the current research will inform memory modelers about the specific nature of that recall process. Armed with such information, our models can be revised in appropriate ways, with a minimum of false-starts, and our understanding of memory in general will be enhanced. This research meets the objectives of the POWRE program in two ways. First, it explores a very new aspect of memory. Although previous researchers have hypothesized that two processes might be involved in recognition, until recently no one has evaluated the specific nature of the recall-like component. Second, the investigator is at a critical point in her career regarding tenure consideration. The POWRE grant will allow for increased productivity, thus enhancing the investigator's potential for advancement and leadership in her field.