Experimental Studies in the Kinetics of Petrologic Processes

[804794]沃森在对地壳和上地幔材料的动力学现象进行的广泛的实验研究中，有两个主要的重点：对矿物中的晶格扩散的研究和对含流体和部分熔融岩石的结构方面的研究。扩散研究侧重于主要造岩矿物（橄榄石、辉石、石榴石）中关键微量元素和放射性同位素（如Pb、Sr、稀土）的晶内迁移，以及同位素（质量）对近地表区域（即最外层10-100层）扩散和扩散的影响等具体现象。结构研究的目的是评估界面能最小化在确定流体相在矿物学上彼此接近的不同单元之间分布的方式（即流体“分配”）中的重要性，以及在少量流体存在下理解矿物颗粒的粗化行为。最终，我们希望这些扩散数据能够对矿物间同位素和微量元素平衡施加时间和温度限制，而这些结构信息将有助于岩石学家和地球化学家推断地球深处流体和熔融岩石相互作用的性质。

9804794WatsonThere are two main thrusts in this broad-based experimental investigation of kinetic phenomena in materials of the Earth's crust and upper mantle: studies of lattice diffusion in minerals and of textural aspects of fluid-bearing and partially-molten rocks. The diffusion studies focus upon intracrystalline transport of key trace elements and radiogenic isotopes (e.g., Pb, Sr, rare earths) in major rock-forming minerals (olivine, pyroxene, garnet), and also upon specific phenomena such as the isotopic (mass) effect on diffusion and diffusion in the near-surface region (i.e., the outermost 10-100 monolayers). The textural studies are aimed at evaluating the importance of interfacial energy minimization in determining the manner in a which a fluid phase is distributed between mineralogically distinct units in close proximity to one another (i.e., fluid "partitioning"), and also at understanding the coarsening behavior of mineral grains in the presence of a small amount of fluid. Ultimately, it is hoped that the diffusion data will place time and temperature constraints on inter-mineral isotopic and trace-element equilibration, and that the textural information will help petrologists and geochemists deduce the nature of fluid- and melt-rock interaction at depth in the Earth.