CRB: Evaluating the Spread and Outcome of Disease Invasions: The Importance of landscape Heterogeneity and Scale

9806722 Doak生态学家越来越认识到疾病在控制自然种群和群落中的作用。疾病对许多物种来说特别重要，它们的范围比现在寄主的非本地侵入性病原体小和（或）有限，这些疾病由于地方和全球运输的增加而传入新区域并在特定区域内传播。这种宿主-病原体相互作用的结果往往高度依赖于宿主、病原体和景观特征的空间异质性。本研究涉及一个宿主-病原体系统，该系统允许在三个不同的空间尺度上量化疾病传播和景观格局，并比较具有广泛空间格局的景观中的宿主-病原体动态。在这项研究中，寄主物种是奥福德港雪松，一种加州和俄勒冈州边境地区特有的植物。病原体是疫霉，一种致命的，非本地的根病原体。该系统是研究宿主-病原体相互作用中空间异质性和尺度重要性的理想系统。本研究将采用观察法和操作法收集数据，确定3个不同空间尺度下雪松病原菌的传播模式和种群变化。实地数据将有助于建立宿主-寄生虫动力学和相互作用的空间明确模型。这项工作对目前受到入侵性疾病威胁的许多植物物种的研究和管理，以及生境格局和物种相互作用破碎化的一般影响具有直接意义。

9806722 Doak Ecologists have increasingly recognized the role of disease in controlling natural populations and communities. Disease is of particular importance for the numerous species with small and/or restricted ranges than now host non-native, invasive pathogens - diseases for which introduction into new regions, as well as spread within a particular region, has resulted from increases in local and global transportation. The outcome of such host-pathogen interactions will often be highly dependent upon spatial heterogeneity of host, pathogen and landscape features. This research concerns a host-pathogen system that allows for quantification of disease spread and landscape pattern at three different spatial scales, and comparison of host-pathogen dynamics across landscapes with widely varying spatial pattern. In this study, the host species is the Port Orford cedar, a plant that is endemic to the region around the California-Oregon border. The pathogen is Phytophthora lateralis, a fatal, non-native root pathogen. This system is ideal for studying the importance of both spatial heterogeneity and scale in host-pathogen interactions. In this study, data will be collected using observation and manipulative methods to determine patterns of pathogen spread and changes in cedar demography at three different spatial scales. Field data will aid the development of spatially explicit models of host-parasite dynamics and interactions. The work has direct implications for the study and management of the many plant species currently threatened by invasive diseases, as well as general effects of habitat pattern and fragmentation for species interactions.