CRB: Evaluating the Spread and Outcome of Disease Invasions: The Importance of landscape Heterogeneity and Scale

9806722多克生态学家越来越认识到疾病在控制自然种群和社区中的作用。疾病对于许多物种来说特别重要，这些物种的范围比现在小和/或有限，它们是非本地入侵病原体的宿主-由于当地和全球运输的增加，疾病被引入新的地区，并在特定地区内传播。这种宿主-病原体相互作用的结果往往高度依赖于宿主、病原体和景观特征的空间异质性。本研究涉及一个主机病原体系统，允许在三个不同的空间尺度上的疾病传播和景观格局的量化，并比较宿主病原体动态景观与广泛变化的空间格局。在这项研究中，宿主物种是港口奥福德雪松，一种植物，是加利福尼亚州和俄勒冈州边界周围地区特有的。病原体是侧生疫霉（Phytophthora lateralis），一种致命的非本地根病原体。该系统是研究宿主-病原体相互作用中空间异质性和尺度的重要性的理想系统。在这项研究中，将收集数据，使用观察和操作的方法，以确定病原体的传播模式和变化，在雪松人口在三个不同的空间尺度。实地数据将有助于建立宿主-寄生虫动态和相互作用的空间明确模型。这项工作有直接影响的研究和管理的许多植物物种目前受到入侵性疾病的威胁，以及栖息地格局和破碎化的物种相互作用的一般影响。

9806722 Doak Ecologists have increasingly recognized the role of disease in controlling natural populations and communities. Disease is of particular importance for the numerous species with small and/or restricted ranges than now host non-native, invasive pathogens - diseases for which introduction into new regions, as well as spread within a particular region, has resulted from increases in local and global transportation. The outcome of such host-pathogen interactions will often be highly dependent upon spatial heterogeneity of host, pathogen and landscape features. This research concerns a host-pathogen system that allows for quantification of disease spread and landscape pattern at three different spatial scales, and comparison of host-pathogen dynamics across landscapes with widely varying spatial pattern. In this study, the host species is the Port Orford cedar, a plant that is endemic to the region around the California-Oregon border. The pathogen is Phytophthora lateralis, a fatal, non-native root pathogen. This system is ideal for studying the importance of both spatial heterogeneity and scale in host-pathogen interactions. In this study, data will be collected using observation and manipulative methods to determine patterns of pathogen spread and changes in cedar demography at three different spatial scales. Field data will aid the development of spatially explicit models of host-parasite dynamics and interactions. The work has direct implications for the study and management of the many plant species currently threatened by invasive diseases, as well as general effects of habitat pattern and fragmentation for species interactions.