CRB: Evaluating the Spread and Outcome of Disease Invasions: The Importance of landscape Heterogeneity and Scale

9806722多克生态学家越来越多地认识到疾病在控制自然人口和社区方面的作用。疾病对于范围比现在小和/或范围有限的许多物种具有特别重要的意义，这些物种是非本土侵袭性病原体的宿主--由于当地和全球运输的增加，这些疾病被引入新的区域，并在特定区域内传播。这种寄主-病原物相互作用的结果往往高度依赖于寄主、病原体和景观特征的空间异质性。这项研究涉及一个宿主-病原体系统，该系统允许在三个不同的空间尺度上量化疾病传播和景观格局，并比较不同空间格局的景观中宿主-病原体的动态变化。在这项研究中，宿主物种是奥福德港雪松，这是加利福尼亚州和俄勒冈州边境周围地区特有的一种植物。病原菌是侧疫霉菌，是一种致命的非本地根部病原菌。该系统是研究寄主-病原菌相互作用中空间异质性和尺度的重要性的理想方法。在这项研究中，将使用观察和操纵方法收集数据，以确定病原菌在三个不同空间尺度上的传播模式和雪松人口统计学的变化。现场数据将有助于开发寄主-寄生虫动态和相互作用的空间显式模型。这项工作对研究和管理目前受到侵袭性疾病威胁的许多植物物种，以及栖息地格局和物种相互作用的一般影响具有直接影响。

9806722 Doak Ecologists have increasingly recognized the role of disease in controlling natural populations and communities. Disease is of particular importance for the numerous species with small and/or restricted ranges than now host non-native, invasive pathogens - diseases for which introduction into new regions, as well as spread within a particular region, has resulted from increases in local and global transportation. The outcome of such host-pathogen interactions will often be highly dependent upon spatial heterogeneity of host, pathogen and landscape features. This research concerns a host-pathogen system that allows for quantification of disease spread and landscape pattern at three different spatial scales, and comparison of host-pathogen dynamics across landscapes with widely varying spatial pattern. In this study, the host species is the Port Orford cedar, a plant that is endemic to the region around the California-Oregon border. The pathogen is Phytophthora lateralis, a fatal, non-native root pathogen. This system is ideal for studying the importance of both spatial heterogeneity and scale in host-pathogen interactions. In this study, data will be collected using observation and manipulative methods to determine patterns of pathogen spread and changes in cedar demography at three different spatial scales. Field data will aid the development of spatially explicit models of host-parasite dynamics and interactions. The work has direct implications for the study and management of the many plant species currently threatened by invasive diseases, as well as general effects of habitat pattern and fragmentation for species interactions.