Dissertation Research: Cultural Ecology of Customary Marine Tenure in Fiji

论文研究：斐济习惯海洋保有权的文化生态学

• 批准号: 9807206
• 负责人: J. Terrence McCabe
• 金额: $ 0.6万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-09-01 至 2000-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9807206&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Cultural; Ecology; Customary

This dissertation research project by a cultural anthropology student at the University of Colorado will study how local systems of traditional ecological knowledge in Fiji are affected by external factors, and how this process impacts fragile marine ecosystems. Exogenous economic and political forces from national and international sources often influence local systems of resource management. These forces will be examined within the context of the variability in the management of marine resources by chiefly elites or traditional fishing rights owners within a community based marine reserve now being established in Fiji. The student will compare variability of resource management activities and of traditional ecological knowledge between three inshore fishing villages, each with a different set of development constraints. Hypotheses to be tested will deal with conflict between land developers, dive tourists, and local and non-local small-scale commercial fishing enterprises, all competing over traditional fishing right zones. As external pressure increases the student hypothesizes increased conflict over local chiefs over access to the economic benefits from leasing the traditional zones. The student hypothesizes that traditional knowledge systems will erode as the influence of external commercial fishing, tourism and development increases (the alternative hypothesis is that the knowledge will develop through being defended and explained to outsiders). The project will also assess the potential for ecological damage from the diverse uses of the underwater resources. The research is important because it will advance our understanding of how traditional societies can conserve natural resources which are valued by a wide range of interests.

科罗拉多大学的一名文化人类学学生的论文研究项目将研究斐济当地传统生态知识系统如何受到外部因素的影响，以及这一过程如何影响脆弱的海洋生态系统。来自国家和国际的外部经济和政治力量经常影响当地的资源管理制度。这些力量将在斐济目前正在建立的以社区为基础的海洋保护区内主要由精英或传统捕鱼权所有者管理海洋资源的变化情况下加以审查。学生将比较三个近岸渔村资源管理活动和传统生态知识的可变性，每个渔村都有不同的发展限制。有待检验的假设将涉及土地开发商、潜水游客、本地和非本地小规模商业捕鱼企业之间的冲突，所有这些企业都在争夺传统的捕鱼权。随着外部压力的增加，学生假设当地酋长在租赁传统区域获得经济利益方面的冲突会增加。该学生假设，随着外部商业捕鱼、旅游和开发的影响增加，传统知识体系将受到侵蚀（另一种假设是，知识将通过向外界辩护和解释而发展）。该项目还将评估不同用途的水下资源可能造成的生态破坏。这项研究很重要，因为它将促进我们对传统社会如何保护自然资源的理解，这些资源受到广泛利益的重视。