Continuous Monitoring of CO2 Emission at Mammoth Mountain, California

9810417科里克在1989年一段时间的显著地震活动之后，加利福尼亚州猛犸象山脉两侧排放的二氧化碳导致大片树木死亡。1997年，该地区再次经历了相当大的地震动乱。使用便携式流量计，PI在1997年8月和1998年1月测量了最大的树木死亡区域(马蹄湖)的二氧化碳排放量。这些测量结果表明，在这段时间内，二氧化碳通量显著增加。为了阐明猛犸山火山建筑物中二氧化碳排出的控制，并监测火山灾害，迫切需要持续监测猛犸山的二氧化碳排放。因此，这笔赠款提供资金，用于购买、安装和维护设备，以便在猛犸山马蹄湖树木杀伤区精心选择的地点持续监测二氧化碳通量。连续通量测量系统基于蓄积室原理，其中CO2通量是根据放置蓄积室后紧接着地面上的CO2浓度的增加速率得出的。连续监测系统每30分钟自动进行一次流量测量，并采集和存储通过超高频遥测系统远程传输的数据。该仪器将由意大利比萨的West Systems公司建造和安装，他们已经在欧洲二氧化碳通量高的地区成功安装和现场测试了相同的仪器。经过West Systems人员的安装和培训后，P.I.和John Rogie(宾夕法尼亚州立大学研究二氧化碳排放的研究生)将参与仪器维护，并参与数据的获取和解释。此次设备采购的配套资金将通过美国地质调查局的火山灾害计划提供。因此，这项设备采购得到了积极参与监测猛犸山和长谷火山口动乱的美军人员的热情支持。***

9810417 Kerrick Following a period of marked earthquake activity in 1989, emission of CO2 from the flanks of Mammoth Mountain, California, resulted in large areas of tree kill. This region again experienced considerable seismic unrest in 1997. Using a portable fluxmeter, the PI's measured CO2 emission in the largest tree kill area (Horseshoe Lake) in August, 1997, and January, 1998. These measurements suggest that there was a significant increase in CO2 flux within this period. To shed light on the controls of CO2 degassing through the volcanic edifice at Mammoth Mountain, and to monitor for volcanic hazard, there is a compelling need to continuously monitor CO2 emission at Mammoth Mountain. Accordingly, this grant provides funds to purchase, install and maintain equipment to continuously monitor CO2 flux at a carefully chosen site in the Horseshoe Lake tree kill area at Mammoth Mountain. The continuous flux measurement system is based on the accumulation chamber principle where CO2 flux is derived from the rate of increase of CO2 concentration immediately following placement of the chamber on the ground surface. The continuous monitoring system automatically makes flux measurements every 30 minutes and acquires and stores data that is remotely transmitted via a UHF telemetry system. The instrumentation will be constructed and installed by West Systems of Pisa, Italy, who have successfully installed and field tested identical instruments in European localities of high CO2 flux. Following installation and training by the West Systems personnel, the P.I. and John Rogie (a Penn State graduate student carrying out research on CO2 emission) will be involved in instrument maintenance, and in the acquisition and interpretation of the data. Matching funds for this equipment acquisition will be provided through the Volcano Hazards program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Accordingly, this equipment acquisition is enthusiastically supported by U.S.G.S. personnel wh o are actively involved in surveillance of unrest at Mammoth Mountain and the Long Valley caldera. ***