Continuous Monitoring of CO2 Emission at Mammoth Mountain, California

小行星9810417 在1989年一段明显的地震活动之后，加州的猛犸山两侧的二氧化碳排放导致了大面积的树木死亡。 1997年，该地区再次经历了严重的地震动荡。 使用便携式通量计，PI在1997年8月和1998年1月测量了最大的树木杀死区（马蹄湖）的CO2排放量。这些测量结果表明，在此期间有一个显着增加的CO2通量。 为了阐明猛犸山火山建筑物对CO2脱气的控制作用，并监测火山灾害，迫切需要对猛犸山CO2排放进行连续监测。 因此，这笔赠款提供资金购买，安装和维护设备，以不断监测二氧化碳通量在一个精心选择的网站在马蹄湖树木杀死区在猛犸山。 连续通量测量系统基于累积室原理，其中CO2通量来自于紧接在将室放置在地面上之后的CO2浓度的增加速率。 连续监测系统每30分钟自动进行通量测量，并获取和存储通过超高频遥测系统远程传输的数据。 仪器将由意大利比萨的West Systems公司建造和安装，该公司已在欧洲高CO2通量地区成功安装和现场测试了相同的仪器。 在West Systems人员进行安装和培训后，P.I.和John Rogie（宾夕法尼亚州立大学研究生，从事二氧化碳排放研究）将参与仪器维护、数据采集和解释。购买这一设备的配套资金将通过美国地质调查局的火山灾害方案提供。 因此，这一设备采购得到了美国海军陆战队的热情支持。积极参与监测猛犸山和长谷火山口骚乱的人员。 ***

9810417 Kerrick Following a period of marked earthquake activity in 1989, emission of CO2 from the flanks of Mammoth Mountain, California, resulted in large areas of tree kill. This region again experienced considerable seismic unrest in 1997. Using a portable fluxmeter, the PI's measured CO2 emission in the largest tree kill area (Horseshoe Lake) in August, 1997, and January, 1998. These measurements suggest that there was a significant increase in CO2 flux within this period. To shed light on the controls of CO2 degassing through the volcanic edifice at Mammoth Mountain, and to monitor for volcanic hazard, there is a compelling need to continuously monitor CO2 emission at Mammoth Mountain. Accordingly, this grant provides funds to purchase, install and maintain equipment to continuously monitor CO2 flux at a carefully chosen site in the Horseshoe Lake tree kill area at Mammoth Mountain. The continuous flux measurement system is based on the accumulation chamber principle where CO2 flux is derived from the rate of increase of CO2 concentration immediately following placement of the chamber on the ground surface. The continuous monitoring system automatically makes flux measurements every 30 minutes and acquires and stores data that is remotely transmitted via a UHF telemetry system. The instrumentation will be constructed and installed by West Systems of Pisa, Italy, who have successfully installed and field tested identical instruments in European localities of high CO2 flux. Following installation and training by the West Systems personnel, the P.I. and John Rogie (a Penn State graduate student carrying out research on CO2 emission) will be involved in instrument maintenance, and in the acquisition and interpretation of the data. Matching funds for this equipment acquisition will be provided through the Volcano Hazards program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Accordingly, this equipment acquisition is enthusiastically supported by U.S.G.S. personnel wh o are actively involved in surveillance of unrest at Mammoth Mountain and the Long Valley caldera. ***