Doctoral Dissertation Research: Sociolinguistic Variation and Language Change in San Basilio de Palenque (Colombia)

加勒比海西班牙语的起源和演变是持续不断的学术辩论的主题，其中最有争议的方面是先前的非洲和克里奥尔语言的作用。该项目调查了唯一一个已知在美洲幸存的西班牙语克里奥尔语言(Palenquero)社区的语言使用情况：San Basilio de Palenque(哥伦比亚)。因此，圣巴西利奥是研究克里奥尔语言在加勒比海西班牙语历史中作用的关键。圣巴西利奥社区自17世纪末由西马龙人(西马龙)建立以来，一直使用帕伦奎罗和卡特亚诺两种语言(卡斯蒂利亚人)。今天，继续说帕伦奎罗语的居民数量迅速减少，这种语言与早在十六世纪就在西班牙加勒比地区得到证实的非洲-葡萄牙克里奥尔语言有关。这项调查有两个主要焦点。首先，结合民族志和社会语言学技术，它将构建圣巴西利奥的社会语言学概况，记录双语和语言使用的现状(谁对谁说什么，为什么？)评估这些社会因素在语言维持/放弃和变化中的作用。其次，运用定量社会语言学的方法，本文将考察两种语言中的三个语言变量：表达主语代词和零主语的交替；S、h和0之间的变化(例如，tu tiene0/tieneh/tienes‘you has’)；以及声母停顿的变量前化(例如do vs.ndo‘Two’)。这一方法将有助于：(A)揭示这两种语言变体之间的共时和历时语言关系；以及(B)记录具有代表性的圣巴西里奥居民的语言。为了改善观察者悖论的影响，社会语言学概况和数据的收集将主要通过参与者观察和随后在反复语言互动的主要地点的言语记录来完成。该项目结合了人种学和社会语言学的观察和数据收集技术以及分析语言变量的现代社会语言学方法，对这一独特但迅速消失的非洲裔拉美裔社区进行了研究，从而为文献作了贡献。

9812864SANKOFFThe origins and evolution of Caribbean Spanish are the subject of continuing scholarly debate, the most controversial aspect of which centers on the role of prior African and creole languages. This project investigates language use in the only community in which a Spanish Creole language (Palenquero) is known to have survived in the Americas: San Basilio de Palenque (Colombia). For this reason, San Basilio is key to the investigation of the role of Creole languages in the history of Caribbean Spanish. Since its founding in the late 1600's by cimarrones (Spanish "run away African slaves"), the community of San Basilio has been bilingual in both Palenquero and Kateyano ('Castillian'). Today, a rapidly diminishing number of inhabitants continue to speak Palenquero which is related to the Afro-Portuguese creole language attested to in the Spanish Caribbean as early as the XVI century. This investigation has two main foci. First, combining ethnographic and sociolinguistic techniques, it will construct a sociolinguistic profile of San Basilio documenting the current status of bilingualism and language usage (Who speaks what to whom and why?) to assess the role these social factors have in language maintenance/abandonment and change. Second, using quantitative sociolinguistic techniques, this dissertation will investigate three linguistic variables across the two languages: the alternation of expressed subject pronouns with zero-subjects; the variation between s, h, and 0 (e.g. tu tiene0/tieneh/tienes 'you have'); and the variable prenasalization of initial stops (e.g. do vs. ndo 'two'). This approach will be useful in: (a) revealing the synchronic and diachronic linguistic relationship between these two speech varieties; and (b) documenting speech of a representative cross section of residents of San Basilio. In order to ameliorate the effects of the observer's paradox, the sociolinguistic profile and the collection of the data will be accomplished primarily through participant-observation and the subsequent recording of speech at the principal sites of recurrent linguistic interaction. The project contributes to the literature by the combination of ethnographic and sociolinguistic techniques of observation and data collection and the modern sociolinguistic methodology of analysis of linguistic variables to the study of this unique albeit rapidly disappearing bilingual Afro- Hispanic community.