Workshop: Anthropology, Genetic Diversity and Ethics to be held in February 1999 at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee

讲习班：人类学、遗传多样性和伦理学将于 1999 年 2 月在威斯康星大学密尔沃基分校举行

• 批准号: 9813667
• 负责人: Trudy Turner
• 金额: $ 2.93万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-08-15 至 2000-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9813667&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Workshop; Anthropology; Genetic; Diversity; Ethics

Over the last decade the developments of biotechnology have created an unprecedented ability to study genetic variation within our species. Such data can be applied to a number of significant areas including the reconstruction of the relationships between modern human populations, the mechanisms of human adaptation, the pathways of human migrations and the contribution of genes to a variety of human disorders. Biological anthropologists, population geneticists, historical linguists and members of other interested disciplines are likely to reap deeper understanding from analysis of DNA variation around the globe. Those who donate genetic samples may someday also benefit by contributing to the understanding of the biology underlying disease processes. The National Academy of Sciences has stated that a program to investigate population level variation in the human genome is highly desirable. While there are tremendous benefits to be gained from population investigations, they also raise a number of serious ethical concerns. Questions surrounding informed consent issues, especially in populations with limited knowledge of science require much discussion. Intellectual property issues related to the genetic material are very difficult to answer. Safeguards must be designed to protect the rights of both individuals and populations that are at a political disadvantage. This award will underwrite the costs of a workshop that will bring together bioethicists, scientists and representatives of several populations of anthropological interest in order to discuss socio-cultural, scientific, ethical and political issues generated by the sampling of the human genome. The workshop will be held at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee in February, 1999.

在过去的十年中，生物技术的发展创造了前所未有的研究我们物种内遗传变异的能力。 这些数据可应用于若干重要领域，包括重建现代人口之间的关系、人类适应机制、人类移徙途径以及基因对各种人类疾病的影响。 生物人类学家、人口遗传学家、历史语言学家和其他感兴趣的学科的成员可能会从对地球仪各地DNA变异的分析中获得更深入的了解。 那些捐赠基因样本的人有朝一日也可能通过帮助理解疾病过程的生物学而受益。美国国家科学院表示，研究人类基因组中群体水平变异的计划是非常可取的。 虽然人口调查可以带来巨大的好处，但也引起了一些严重的伦理问题。围绕知情同意问题的问题，特别是在科学知识有限的人群中，需要进行大量讨论。 与遗传物质有关的知识产权问题很难回答。 保障措施必须旨在保护政治上处于不利地位的个人和人口的权利。 该奖项将承担一个讲习班的费用，该讲习班将汇集生物伦理学家、科学家和具有人类学意义的几个群体的代表，讨论人类基因组取样所产生的社会文化、科学、伦理和政治问题。 研讨会将于1999年2月在密尔沃基的威斯康星州大学举行。