A Model For Alternating Effusive and Explosive Rhyolite Volcanism: The -1350 A.D. Eruption of Tarawera, New Zealand

交替喷发和爆炸流纹岩火山活动的模型:公元-1350 年新西兰塔拉威拉火山喷发

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    9815042
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 20万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    1999
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    1999-01-01 至 2003-06-30
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

9815042SelfThe c. 1350 AD activity of Mount Tarawera was the largest (5-10 km3 magma volume) eruption in New Zealand, and one of the largest rhyolitic eruptions in the world, during the last millennium. The eruption products are locally known as the Kaharoa formation. This event featured remarkable fluctuations in eruption style from highly explosive to effusive as a major pyroclastic fall deposit and several lava domes were emplaced. This collaborative study with New Zealand volcanologists will build on earlier mapping of Tarawera volcano to produce an integrated picture of the processes of a major rhyolite eruption. Detailed field mapping of the relationships between the Kaharoa lava domes, block and ash pyroclastic flow deposits, and careful logging of the layers in the fall deposit will determine the details of the dispersal, clast characteristics, and grain size distribution. Sampling of the eruption products for granulometric, grain morphologic, and crystal and vesicle size distribution studies will help determine the physical state of the magma upon eruption and eruption mechanisms. Textural analysis of the rhyolite pyroclastics and dome lava samples, when combined with geochemical data to be obtained in the collaborative part of this study, will reveal information about the physical state (degree of undercooling, degassing, crystallization) of the magma during various phases of the eruption and the control that this exerted on the changing eruption styles. Results of the study will be a general model for this type of volcanism worldwide, further understanding of the controls on variations in eruption style in lava dome-forming volcanism by magma degassing and effusion rate, and documentation of widely dispersed plinian deposits coincident with effusive rhyolitic activity. The results will also be an integral part of a volcanic hazard assessment for future recurrences of this type of volcanism, both in New Zealand and worldwide.
9815042SelfThe C.公元1350年,塔拉威拉火山的喷发是新西兰最大的(5-10立方公里岩浆量)喷发,也是上个千年世界上最大的流纹岩喷发之一。喷发产物在当地被称为Kaharoa地层。 这一事件的特点显着波动的喷发风格,从高度爆炸性的溢出作为一个主要的火山碎屑下降存款和几个熔岩圆顶被安置。这项与新西兰火山学家的合作研究将以早先绘制的塔拉韦拉火山图为基础,绘制一幅大型流纹岩喷发过程的综合图。 Kaharoa熔岩穹丘、块体和火山灰碎屑流沉积物之间关系的详细现场测绘以及秋季存款层的详细测井将确定分散、碎屑特征和粒度分布的详细信息。 对喷发产物进行粒度、颗粒形态、晶体和囊泡尺寸分布的取样研究,将有助于确定岩浆喷发时的物理状态和喷发机制。 流纹岩火山碎屑岩和圆顶熔岩样品的纹理分析,结合地球化学数据将获得在本研究的合作部分,将揭示信息的物理状态(过冷度,脱气,结晶)的岩浆在不同阶段的喷发和控制,这施加在不断变化的喷发风格。 研究结果将是这种类型的火山作用在全球范围内的一般模式,进一步了解岩浆脱气和渗出率的熔岩圆顶形成火山作用的喷发风格的变化的控制,并记录广泛分散的普利尼安矿床与流纹岩活动相一致。 这些结果也将成为火山危险评估的一个组成部分,以评估今后在新西兰和全世界再次发生这类火山活动的可能性。

项目成果

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Stephen Self其他文献

Mount Etna and the 1971 eruption - Rheological features of the 1971 Mount Etna lavas
埃特纳火山和 1971 年喷发 - 1971 年埃特纳火山熔岩的流变特征
SO2 emissions from the Timanfaya eruption (1730–36 CE), Lanzarote, Canary Islands
加那利群岛兰萨罗特岛蒂曼法亚火山喷发(公元 1730 年至公元 36 年)产生的二氧化硫排放
SO<sub>2</sub> emissions from the Timanfaya eruption (1730–36 CE), Lanzarote, Canary Islands
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107984
  • 发表时间:
    2024-01-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Kirti Sharma;Stephen Blake;Stephen Self
  • 通讯作者:
    Stephen Self
Edinburgh Research Explorer Atmospheric and environmental effects of the 1783-1784 Laki eruption: A review and reassessment
爱丁堡研究探索者 1783-1784 年拉基火山喷发对大气和环境的影响:回顾和重新评估
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Thorvaldur Thordarson;Stephen Self
  • 通讯作者:
    Stephen Self
Exposed columns in the Valles Caldera ignimbrites as records of hydrothermal cooling, Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, USA
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107536
  • 发表时间:
    2022-06-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Stephen Self;Noah Randolph-Flagg;John E. Bailey;Michael Manga
  • 通讯作者:
    Michael Manga

Stephen Self的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Stephen Self', 18)}}的其他基金

Collaborative Research: Collapse of the Valles Caldera: An Integrated Lithic and Pumice Compositional Study of the Bandelier Tuff
合作研究:火山口山谷的塌陷:班德利尔凝灰岩的综合岩屑和浮石成分研究
  • 批准号:
    9910148
  • 财政年份:
    2000
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Quantitative Constraints on the Emplacement Style and Eruption Duration of Continental Flood Basalt Lava Flows
大陆洪水玄武岩熔岩流侵位方式和喷发持续时间的定量约束
  • 批准号:
    9527060
  • 财政年份:
    1996
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Emplacement of the 1991 Ignimbrite at Mount Pinatubo, Philippines: Evaluation of Present Ideas on Deposition from Pyroclastic Flows
1991 年菲律宾皮纳图博山火山熔岩的就位:对目前火山碎屑流沉积想法的评估
  • 批准号:
    9419111
  • 财政年份:
    1995
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Flood Basalt Eruption Mechanisms and Atmospheric Impact
洪水玄武岩喷发机制和大气影响
  • 批准号:
    9316881
  • 财政年份:
    1994
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
U.S.-Philippines: First International Decade Volcano Workshop on Taal, Luzon, Philippines, March 27-April 1, 1995
美国-菲律宾:1995年3月27日至4月1日在菲律宾吕宋岛塔尔举行第一届国际十年火山研讨会
  • 批准号:
    9413343
  • 财政年份:
    1994
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
U.S.-Philippines Cooperative Research on the History of Explosive Volcanism and Volcaniclastic Sedimentation around Taal Caldera and Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines
美国-菲律宾关于菲律宾塔尔火山口和皮纳图博山周围火山喷发和火山碎屑沉积历史的合作研究
  • 批准号:
    9207423
  • 财政年份:
    1993
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Flood Basalts: Eruption Mechanisms and Atmospheric Impact
溢流玄武岩:喷发机制和大气影响
  • 批准号:
    9118755
  • 财政年份:
    1992
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
The History of Explosive Volcanism and Volcaniclastic Sedimentation Around Taal Caldera, Philippines
菲律宾塔尔火山口周围火山喷发和火山碎屑沉积的历史
  • 批准号:
    9206465
  • 财政年份:
    1992
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
The Socompa Debris Avalanche Deposit
索孔帕碎片雪崩沉积物
  • 批准号:
    9116693
  • 财政年份:
    1992
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
SGER: Study of the Ongoing Eruption of the Heklo Volcano, Iceland
SGER:冰岛赫克洛火山持续喷发的研究
  • 批准号:
    9108573
  • 财政年份:
    1991
  • 资助金额:
    $ 20万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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