The Radiation of Sponge-Dwelling Shrimp: A New Model System for the Comparative Analysis of Social Evolution

摘要：海绵栖虾的辐射：社会进化比较分析的新系统社会群居性长期以来一直是行为和进化生态学的一个基本悖论，其特征是动物的合作群体，其中大多数成员牺牲个体繁殖。一种破译社会起源的比较方法，将社会物种的生态学和人口统计学与它们最接近的非社会亲属的生态学和人口统计学进行对比，代表了对个体和种群水平的行为研究的潜在有力补充。这种比较方法的潜力在很大程度上还没有实现，因为群居性在动物中很少出现，而且许多起源都很古老。本项目将重建近40种海绵体对虾的系统发育关系，并利用比较方法探索与该群体先进社会组织反复进化相关的生态和人口条件。本研究的具体目标是对甲壳虾（alpheid shrimp）的gambarelloides类群进行分类修订，基于DNA序列和形态学建立强有力的系统发育支持，并利用比较方法探索海绵虾生态与社会进化之间的关系。这项研究将为唯一已知先进社会组织的海洋动物群体的社会进化历史和生态提供严格的比较分析。

ABSTRACTPI: J. E. DuffyAward DEB 9815785Title: The radiation of sponge-dwelling shrimp: a new system for the comparative analysis of social evolutionEusociality, characterized by cooperative colonies of animals in which most members sacrifice individual reproduction, has long presented a fundamental paradox for behavioral and evolutionary ecology. A comparative approach to deciphering the origins of eusociality, in which the ecology and demographics of eusocial species are contrasted with those of their closest non-eusocial relatives, represents a potentially powerful complement to behavioral studies at the individual and population levels. The potential of this comparative approach remains largely unrealized because eusociality has arisen only rarely among animals, and many of these origins are ancient. This project will reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships among the approximately 40 species of sponge-dwelling alpheid shrimps, and use comparative methods to explore the ecological and demographic conditions associated with the repeated evolution of advanced social organization in this group. Specific objectives of the proposed research are to produce a taxonomic revision of the gambarelloides species-group of alpheid shrimps, establish a strongly supported phylogeny for the group based on DNA sequences and morphology, and use comparative methods to explore the association between ecology and social evolution in sponge-dwelling shrimps. This research will provide a rigorous comparative analysis of the history and ecology of social evolution in the only marine animal group in which advanced social organization is known.