Urban Research Initiative: Infrastructure and Metropolitan Development

城市研究计划：基础设施和大都市发展

• 批准号: 9816816
• 负责人: Alex Anas
• 金额: $ 45万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Buffalo
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-03-01 至 2005-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9816816&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Urban; Research; Initiative; Infrastructure; Metropolitan

This research project, supported under the Urban Research Initiative, combines urban economists, transportation engineers, and urban and regional planners in a project to design and implement a dynamic, general equilibrium model of the Chicago metropolitan region. The purpose is to evaluate the net benefits of alternative metropolitan futures with a model designed to analyze the effects of: 1) transportation and other infrastructure investments, schools and open space on metropolitan areas; 2) alternative infrastructure financing schemes for each type of infrastructure as well as average versus marginal cost pricing; 3) land use regulations such as urban growth boundaries, greenbelts and green corridors, minimum density limitations and use-oriented zoning.The model is sufficiently disaggregated with respect to income, work vs. non-work travel in peak and off-peak periods, industrial sectors and inter-industry linkages, multiple housing and commercial building types, to enable evaluation of the impacts of alternative policies on various socio-economic groups to be identified.To estimate and implement the model, the investigators are utilizing data from the Northeastern Illinois Planning Commission, the Chicago Area Transportation Study and the 1900 Census. They are also building of the Chicago regional economic model developed jointly by the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago and the Regional Economic Applications Laboratory of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Representatives of these organizations plus the Metropolitan Planning Council, a citizens group, serve as an advisory board for the research project.The resulting prototype model is used to examine whether and how the above policy options influence the long-term course of metropolitan development. In particular, the investigators focus on three visions of the future, frequently debated in the literature: a) laissez-faire with control of metropolitan decentralization at the margin; b) compact city emphasizing aggressive land use controls to increase densities and public transit-oriented development; c) centralization-within-decentralization emphasizing sub-centers and edge city formation. The central question is whether combinations of infrastructure and land use policies can be found which, over a period of time, induce adjustments in land uses to alter existing patterns, and how the above visions compare in economic efficiency, equity among different groups, and indices of urban environmental quality.

该研究项目在城市研究计划的支持下，将城市经济学家、交通工程师以及城市和区域规划师结合在一起，设计并实施了芝加哥大都市区的动态、一般均衡模型。其目的是通过一个旨在分析以下影响的模型来评估替代大都市期货的净收益：1)交通和其他基础设施投资、学校和开放空间对大都市地区的影响；2)每种基础设施的替代基础设施融资方案以及平均成本与边际成本定价；3)土地使用法规，如城市增长边界、绿化带和绿色走廊、最低密度限制和以用途为导向的分区。该模型充分分解了收入、高峰和非高峰时期的工作和非工作旅行、工业部门和行业间联系、多种住房和商业建筑类型，以便能够评估替代政策对各种社会经济群体的影响。为了评估和实施该模型，调查人员利用了来自伊利诺伊州东北部规划委员会、芝加哥地区交通研究和1900年人口普查的数据。他们还在构建由芝加哥联邦储备银行和伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校区域经济应用实验室联合开发的芝加哥区域经济模型。这些组织的代表加上大都会规划委员会(一个公民团体)作为研究项目的顾问委员会。由此产生的原型模型被用来检验上述政策选择是否以及如何影响大都市发展的长期进程。特别是，研究人员关注文献中经常辩论的三种未来愿景：a)放任自流，控制边缘的大都市分散；b)紧凑的城市，强调积极的土地使用控制，以增加密度和以公共交通为导向的发展；c)集中-分散中强调副中心和边缘城市的形成。核心问题是，能否找到基础设施和土地使用政策的组合，在一段时间内导致土地使用的调整，以改变现有的模式，以及上述愿景在经济效益、不同群体之间的公平性和城市环境质量指数方面的比较情况。