Engineering Emerging Urban Systems: Competing Land Uses, and the Effects on Built and Natural Environments

***9817698尼迈耶传统上，以学科为基础的科学和工程长期以来一直统治着关于建筑和自然环境的新知识的产生。这些知识导致了对这些环境之间相互关系的理解发生了戏剧性和引人注目的变化。然而，迄今为止，几乎没有知识，也没有工作模型来帮助理解这种关系如何随着时间的推移而整体变化，以及如何逐步适应以增加建筑环境和自然环境的长期可持续性。本研究将首先编制圣华金河谷的第一个综合工程和科学评估，“SJV综合科学和工程问题：进入21世纪的评估”（SJV评估）。评估旨在描述关于建筑与自然环境相互作用的知识现状，将包括三个主要工作：汇编当前的科学和工程知识，以及对SJV中现有建筑与自然环境条件和相互作用的知识差距；确定进行自然资源中介以支持当前土地使用配置和基础设施服务的方式；最后，总结了在战略、技术和资源方面需要进行的研究，这些研究将进一步促进相互竞争的土地使用与建筑和自然环境之间更“全面”的可持续性的可能性。建筑系统的变化显然伴随着自然环境和建筑环境的健康和性能的权衡。其中一些权衡将反映在空间分布中，另一些将反映在时间分布中。了解变化（有时是通过政策）对整个系统的影响，需要在空间和时间背景下制定和评估系统绩效指标。这项研究的第二项任务将是制定一套健康和绩效指标，以当前条件为基准，用于评估系统中扰动的影响。作为这一努力的一部分，将建立一个新的数据库，以促进不断和动态地清点和监测新制定的自然和人造性能和健康指标。这些数据将由新成立的科学、城市和土地中心维护，该中心目前设在加州大学戴维斯分校的约翰·缪尔环境研究所。＊＊＊

***9817698 Niemeier Traditionally, disciplined-based science and engineering has long governed the generation of new knowledge about the built and natural environments. This knowledge has led to dramatic and compelling changes in understanding of the inter-relatedness between these environments. However, to date, there is little knowledge, nor working models to aid in understanding how this relationship, in its entirety, changes over time and how to incrementally adapt to increase long-term sustainability of both the built and natural environments. This study will begin by compiling the first integrated engineering and science assessment for the San Joaquin Valley, "The SJV Synthesis of Science and Engineering Issues: An Assessment for Entering the 21st Century" (SJV Assessment). The Assessment, aimed at characterizing the current state of knowledge regarding interactions between the built and natural environments, will include three major efforts: a compilation of the current scientific and engineering knowledge, and gaps in knowledge on the existing built and natural environment conditions and interactions in the SJV; identification of the ways that brokering of natural resources is undertaken to support the current land use configuration and infrastructure services; and finally, a summary of needed research in strategies, techniques, and resources which would further the likelihood of a more "holistic" sustainability between the competing land uses and the built and natural environments. Changes in the built system are clearly accompanied by trade-offs in the health and performance of both the natural and built environments. Some of these trade-offs will be reflected in the spatial distributions and some will be reflected in temporal distributions. Understanding the effects of changes, sometimes through policy, on the entire system requires the development and assessment of indicators of system performance with both a spatial and temporal context. The second task of this study will be to develop a suite of health and performance indicators that can be used to assess the effects of perturbations in the system, given current conditions as a baseline. As part of this effort a new database will be established that facilitates on-going and dynamic inventorying and monitoring of the newly developed natural and built performance and health indicators. The data will be maintained by the new Center for Science, Cities, and the Land currently housed in the John Muir Institute on the Environment at UC Davis. ***