Dissertation Research: Environmental Crime: An Empirical, Economic, Institutional and Legal Analysis of Individual and Firm Sanctions

论文研究：环境犯罪：对个人和公司制裁的实证、经济、制度和法律分析

• 批准号: 9818838
• 负责人: Richard Andrews
• 金额: $ 1.19万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-07-01 至 2001-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9818838&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Environmental; Crime; Empirical

This Doctoral Dissertation Improvement research examines the use of criminal enforcement proceedings that are used to deter and punish environmental crimes and the criminal justice system practice in prosecuting and sanctioning individuals and firms for these crimes. Very little research has been done on the criminal justice system's role in environmental enforcement. This study (1) will shed light on whether criminal provisions presently available allow the federal government to obtain convictions of, and certain sanctions against, particular types of firms or individuals, (2) help to determine whether or not the federal government's actions are consistent with its policy statements regarding the exercise of investigative and enforcement discretion, and (3) enhance our understanding of the degree to which federal judges follow Congress' direction to treat economic and street crimes alike during sentencing. Lists of environmental criminal prosecutions, civil judicial actions, and EPA administrative actions that were initiated from 1990-97 will be assembled. A sample of cases will be drawn from each list and relevant documents copied for each sampled case. A database containing pertinent information (e.g., prior history, violation type, and sentence imposed) and firm size will be compiled on each case. This data will be used to construct models of criminal conviction and sanctioning of individuals and firms. Civil judicial and administrative cases will also be added to this database so those models of firms who have fallen outside the criminal justice system can also be constructed.

这篇博士论文改进研究探讨了用于阻止和惩罚环境犯罪的刑事执法程序的使用，以及刑事司法系统在起诉和制裁个人和公司这些犯罪方面的实践。 关于刑事司法系统在环境执法中的作用的研究很少。 这项研究（1）将阐明现有的刑事条款是否允许联邦政府对特定类型的公司或个人进行定罪和某些制裁，（2）有助于确定联邦政府的行动是否符合其关于行使调查和执法自由裁量权的政策声明，以及（3）加强我们对联邦法官在多大程度上遵循国会的指示，在量刑时对经济犯罪和街头犯罪一视同仁的理解。 1990年至1997年发起的环境刑事诉讼、民事司法行动和环境保护局行政行动的清单将被汇编。 将从每个清单中抽取案件样本，并为每个抽样案件复制相关文件。 包含相关信息的数据库（例如，以往的历史，违规类型，并判处）和公司规模将汇编每个案件。这些数据将用于构建刑事定罪和制裁个人和公司的模型。民事、司法和行政案件也将被添加到该数据库中，这样就可以建立那些不属于刑事司法系统的公司的模型。