Influence of Biotic and Abiotic Stressors on the Coevolution of the Tapeworm Schistocephalus Solidus with Its Specific Host, the Three-Spined Stickleback CLUSTER: "Evolutionary Genetics of Three-Spined Stickleback - Parasite Interactions"

生物和非生物应激源对裂头绦虫与其特定宿主三刺鱼群协同进化的影响：“三刺鱼的进化遗传学 - 寄生虫相互作用”

• 批准号: 130482565
• 负责人: Dr. Martin Kalbe (†)
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Fischereiökologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2008-12-31 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/130482565?language=en
• 关键词: Influence; Biotic; Abiotic; Stressors; Coevolution

For the second funding period, we propose to have a stronger focus on the parasite, in particular the ability of the model parasite (S. solidus) to interfere with (manipulate) the immune system of its stickleback hosts. From previous experiments it is known that S. solidus parasites from different locations differ substantially in their potential to infect and exploit their stickleback hosts. Consequently differences in immune-modulatory capabilities of parasites from different locations are expected. As a major read out we are planning to use transcriptome sequencing in cooperation with the project of M. Stoll, TBH Reusch and E. Bornberg-Bauer. Two cDNA libraries of S. solidus established by Samonte-Padilla et al. will be used as a backbone for the annotation of the transcriptome sequences. If possible, the transcriptomic data will be linked to a planned S. solidus genome project (initiated by James Cotton, Sanger Institute, and Klaus Brehm, University of Würzburg). In addition to the parasite transcriptomes, transcriptomes of the corresponding host sticklebacks will be analysed, enabling to investigate the whole host-parasite interactome on the RNA level. Despite the comparison of differentially adapted S. solidus, we are planning to use environmental stressors as additional experimental variables. (1) Co-infections with other sympatric and allopatric parasite species, since previous experiments showed that S. solidus is capable to induce different levels of concomitant immunity against different species of eye flukes, which, furthermore, serve as highly sensitive indicators for the timing of host immune manipulation (experiments to be conducted in Plön, one PhD position); and (2) temperature variation based on previous experiments indicating that at high temperatures (24°C), immune manipulation of S. solidus starts earlier, but is more prominent at low temperatures (13°C) at later time points, even if the parasites are still relatively small (experiments to be conducted in Münster, one PhD position). Both, infections of the infested stickleback host with other parasites than S. solidus, as well as temperature variation interfere with the activity of the host’s immune system and cause strong selective pressure on S. solidus. Consequently it is likely, that S. solidus is adapted to adjust its immune modulatory activity in the stickleback host in response to environmental factors such as heterologous infections and temperature variation to minimize its fitness loss. Main goals of the projects are to investigate the transcriptomics background of host manipulation induced by S. solidus and to unravel potential interaction(s) of host manipulation with environmental stressors.

对于第二个资助期，我们建议更加关注寄生虫，特别是模型寄生虫的能力（S。solidus）干扰（操纵）其刺鱼宿主的免疫系统。从以前的实验中，我们知道S。来自不同地点的固体寄生虫感染和利用棘鱼宿主的潜力有很大差异。因此，来自不同地点的寄生虫的免疫调节能力的差异是预期的。作为一个主要的读出，我们计划使用转录组测序与M。Stoll，TBH Reusch和E.博恩伯格-鲍尔将S.由Samonte-Padilla等人建立的solidus将用作转录组序列注释的骨架。如果可能，转录组数据将与计划的S。solidus基因组计划（由桑格研究所的James Cotton和维尔茨堡大学的Klaus Bürzburg发起）。除了寄生虫的转录组，相应的主机刺鱼的转录组将进行分析，使整个宿主-寄生虫相互作用组的RNA水平上的调查。尽管比较差异适应的S。我们计划使用环境压力作为额外的实验变量。(1)与其他同域和异域寄生虫的混合感染，因为以前的实验表明，S。solidus能够诱导针对不同种类的眼吸虫的不同水平的伴随免疫，这进一步充当宿主免疫操纵的时间的高度敏感的指示剂（实验将在Plön进行，一个博士职位）;和（2）基于先前实验的温度变化，表明在高温（24°C）下，S. solidus开始较早，但在较晚的时间点在低温（13°C）下更突出，即使寄生虫仍然相对较小（实验将在明斯特进行，一个博士职位）。这两种情况都表明，棘鱼宿主感染了除棘鱼外的其他寄生虫。固相线，以及温度变化干扰宿主的免疫系统的活性，并导致对S的强烈选择压力。固体。因此，很可能S。solidus适应于响应环境因素如异源感染和温度变化来调节其在棘鱼宿主中的免疫调节活性，以使其适应性损失最小化。本项目的主要目的是研究S.固相线和解开主机操纵与环境应激源的潜在相互作用。