Development of the Laboratory Component of a Materials Chemistry Course for Nonscience Majors

非科学专业材料化学课程实验室部分的开发

• 批准号: 9850903
• 负责人: Roger Kugel
• 金额: $ 3.83万
• 依托单位: Saint Mary's University of Minnesota
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-06-01 至 2000-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9850903&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Development; Laboratory; Component; Materials; Chemistry

This project focuses on the development of new experiments for the World of Materials course for nonscience majors that is also mandatory for elementary education majors. The course explores the chemistry of familiar materials from everyday life--paper, fabrics, metals, plastics, glass, leather, etc.--and discusses the life-cycle of each material from its source in the animal vegetable, or mineral world, through the stages of its processing to finished products, to its demise when it becomes used up or worn out and its ultimate fate in disposal or recycling. The new experiments allow students to observe microscopic and atomic-scale images, to carry out some pertinent chemical transformations, and to measure some important physical properties of these materials. The students work in teams of three to interpret these observations, reactions, and measurements and to draw correlations among them. For example, in one experiment the atomic structures of the surfaces of gold and graphite observed using a scanning tunneling microscope is correlated with their vastly different densities. In another experiment soda-lime glass is made by heating a mixture of sand (SiO2), soda ash (Na2CO3), limestone (CaC03), and cullet (crushed glass) in a benchtop muffle furnace. Small amounts of different transition metal carbonates (CoCO3, NiCO3, Ag2CO3, etc.) are added for color and the effects of transition metal concentration and furnace atmosphere on that color will be assessed. In a third experiment synthetic fibers like nylon monofilament fishing line is tested for its tensile strength and the resulting stress-strain curves correlated with solvent pretreatment and average molecular weights. Experiments like these allow students to observe atomic structure, experience real world chemistry, and draw their own conclusions about structure-property relationships in materials helping them to understand and appreciate why different materials behave the way they do.

该项目的重点是为非科学专业的材料世界课程开发新的实验，这也是小学教育专业的必修课。该课程探讨了日常生活中常见材料的化学-纸张，织物，金属，塑料，玻璃，皮革等-并讨论了每种材料的生命周期，从其在动物、植物或矿物世界的来源，通过其加工到成品的各个阶段，到其用完或磨损时的消亡，以及其最终在处理或回收中的命运。新的实验允许学生观察微观和原子尺度的图像，进行一些相关的化学转化，并测量这些材料的一些重要的物理性质。学生们以三人一组的方式解释这些观察、反应和测量结果，并得出它们之间的相关性。例如，在一个实验中，使用扫描隧道显微镜观察到的金和石墨表面的原子结构与它们巨大不同的密度相关。在另一个实验中，钠钙玻璃通过在台式钢化炉中加热沙子（SiO2）、苏打灰（Na 2CO 3）、石灰石（CaCO 3）和碎玻璃（碎玻璃）的混合物来制造。少量不同的过渡金属碳酸盐（CoCO 3、NiCO 3、Ag 2CO 3等）并评估过渡金属浓度和炉内气氛对颜色的影响。在第三个实验中，测试合成纤维如尼龙单丝钓鱼线的拉伸强度，并测试所得应力-应变曲线与溶剂预处理和平均分子量的相关性。像这样的实验让学生观察原子结构，体验真实的世界化学，并得出自己的结论，在材料中的结构-性能关系，帮助他们理解和欣赏为什么不同的材料行为的方式。