Multi-Modal GPS Technology in a Field-Based Geology Curriculum, Central Washington University and Heritage College

中央华盛顿大学（Central Washington University）和遗产学院（Heritage College）的本科生参与了一项合作课程，培训他们如何将全球定位系统技术应用于活动构造中的关键区域问题。核心技术有更广泛的应用，为学生提供研究和工作技能。野外小组对托佩尼什脊背斜及其前缘断层进行空中照片侦察，这是亚基马褶皱带中最活跃的构造之一，具有极好的地貌暴露。团队选择区域，使用差分GPS进行详细的地貌测绘，并进行实地研究。它们还重新占用现有的GPS大地测量网络，该网络形成横跨活动结构的剖面；它在1995年被占用了一次，因此，学生每年的占用将对这一重要结构提供关键的新限制。最后，学生使用手持GPS为现有图像提供地理参考。他们将这三个相互关联的项目的结果呈现在一个GIS系统上，使用图像或航空照片作为详细地貌测绘的背景，并作为带有GPS确定的速度场的活动断层图的背景。加强创新的技术培训和加强多元文化是课程目标。该项目为学生在过程驱动科学研究的背景下提供了广泛的GPS技术技能基础。本科研究领域扩大到包括那些适合GPS技术。学生将深入了解观察和错误，并了解这些不确定性如何从观察传播到结果。最后，它为CWU（一所地区性综合性大学）和Heritage College（一所服务于华盛顿中部强大的美洲原住民和西班牙裔选民的学院）之间的合作播下了种子。此外，CWU和Heritage的其他五个学术项目将受益于使用这些设备实现共同的技术目标。

A collaborative curriculum teams undergraduates at Central Washington University and Heritage College for training in a variety of Global Positioning System techniques as applied to critical regional problems in active tectonics. The centerpiece technology has broader applications, providing students with skills for research and the workplace. Field teams conduct air photo reconnaissance of the Toppenish Ridge anticline and its frontal fault, one of the most active structures in the Yakima fold belt with excellent geomorphic exposure. Teams select areas for detailed geomorphic mapping using differential GPS and conduct field studies. They also reoccupy an existing GPS geodetic network that forms a profile across the active structure; it has been occupied once in 1995, thus, the annual occupations by students will provide critical new constraints on this important structure. Finally, students provide geo-referencing for existing imagery using hand-held GPS. They present the results of these three inter-related projects on a GIS system, using imagery or air photos as a context for detailed geomorphic mapping and as a backdrop for an active fault map with a GPS determined velocity field. Enhanced, innovative technical training and strengthening multiculturalism are the curricular goals. The project provides students with a broad base of GPS technical skills in a the context of student research in process-driven science. Undergraduate research fields expand to include those suitable to GPS technologies. Students will gain insight into observations and errors, and understanding of how those uncertainties propagate from observations to results. Finally, it seeds collaboration between CWU, a regional comprehensive university, and Heritage College, which serves a strong Native American and Hispanic constituency in central Washington. In addition, five other academic programs at CWU and Heritage will benefit from use of the equipment towards common technical goals.