Theoretical Nuclear Physics

9870054中文这个提议的目标是研究各种量子系统的动力学，从非常热的π介子的稠密气体到非常冷的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的原子蒸气。这些系统的共同点是它们都服从玻色-爱因斯坦统计，并且可以使用非常有效的数值模拟，这位研究者新开发的算法。这些研究的重要性在于，它们可以告诉我们物质在极端情况下的行为。 以π介子为例，它是在金或铀等大原子核的超高能碰撞中产生的，它们的集体激发揭示了自然界在高温下恢复基本对称性的方式。这样的高温除了在宇宙大爆炸形成的早期，在其他任何地方都不会自然发生。在玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中，单个量子态被宏观数量的粒子占据。因此，量子态的非常精细的细节可以被放大100亿亿倍。对这一职业的开发原则上可以用来进行极高精度的测量。

9870054ChinThe goal of this proposal is to study the dynamics of a variety of quantum systems ranging from a dense gas of very hot pions, to that of an extremely cold, Bose-Einstein condensed, atomic vapor. The common denominator of these systems is that they all obey the Bose-Einstein statistics and can be simulated numerically using very efficient, newly developed algorithms by this investigator. The importance of these studies is that they can tell us how matter behaves under very extreme circumstances. In the case of pions, which are created in ultra high energy collisions of large nuclei, such as gold or uranium, their collective excitations reveal ways in which a basic symmetry of nature is restored at high tempearature. Such a high temperature occurs nowhere else naturally except during the early Big-Bang formation of the universe. In Bose-Einstein condensations, a single quantum state is occupied by a macroscopic number of particles. Thus the very fine details of a quantum state can be magnified a million-billion-billion times. The exploitation of this occupation can in principle be used to make exceedingly high precision measurments.