Research in Theoretical Nuclear and Neutrino Physics

理论核物理和中微子物理研究

• 批准号: 2108339
• 负责人: Akif Baha Balantekin
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2108339&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Research; Theoretical; Nuclear; Neutrino; Physics

The primary goal of this project at the interface of nuclear physics, astronomy, and particle physics is to explore one of the outstanding questions in fundamental physics, namely the role of neutrinos in the origin and formation of chemical elements. A second goal is to explore the impact of magnetic fields on element formation. This is very timely since scientists now have access to a multitude of tools such as state-of-the-art terrestrial telescopes as well as space observatories, supplemented with neutrino, cosmic-ray, and gravitational wave observations. These multi-messenger signals will enable us to benchmark and test predictions. Additionally this research activity contributes to the training of a highly skilled workforce, both at the University of Wisconsin, Madison and at the other institutions with which the principal investigator (PI)collaborates.This project will support a study of the collective oscillations of neutrinos, which are emergent nonlinear flavor evolution phenomena instigated by neutrino-neutrino interactions in astrophysical environments with sufficiently high neutrino densities. Most of the elements heavier than iron are thought to be produced by the capture of neutrons on seed nuclei such as iron. Presently, it is not known with any certainty where the rapid neutron capture process (r-process) occurs. Possible sites of the r-process include matter evaporated from the surface of a hot neutron star formed following a supernova explosion, the merging of two neutron stars into a black hole, and accretion disks in gamma-ray bursts. All these environments contain a very large number of neutrinos. Neutrinos, since they can convert protons into neutrons and vice versa, determine the neutron-to-proton ratio in all those environments. Given that collective neutrino oscillations can significantly impact this ratio and the resulting yields of nucleosynthesis, the PI and his students will critically examine the validity of mean-field approximations utilized in current calculations. Tools from quantum information science, such as the entanglement entropy, facilitate this analysis. The PI will also compare predictions of different approximations for nucleosynthesis yields.This project advances the objectives of "Windows on the Universe: the Era of Multi-Messenger Astrophysics", one of the 10 Big Ideas for Future NSF Investments.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目的主要目标是在核物理，天文学和粒子物理学的界面上探索基础物理学中的一个突出问题，即中微子在化学元素的起源和形成中的作用。第二个目标是探索磁场对元素形成的影响。这是非常及时的，因为科学家现在可以使用多种工具，如最先进的地面望远镜以及空间观测台，并辅以中微子，宇宙射线和引力波观测。这些多信使信号将使我们能够对预测进行基准测试和测试。 此外，该研究活动还有助于培养威斯康星州大学麦迪逊分校和其他与主要研究者（PI）合作的机构的高技能劳动力。该项目将支持中微子集体振荡的研究，这是在中微子密度足够高的天体物理环境中由中微子-中微子相互作用引发的新兴非线性味演化现象。大多数比铁重的元素被认为是通过在种子核（如铁）上捕获中子而产生的。目前，尚不清楚快速中子俘获过程（r-过程）发生在何处。r-过程可能发生的地点包括超新星爆炸后形成的热中子星星表面蒸发的物质，两颗中子星合并成黑洞，以及伽马射线爆发中的吸积盘。所有这些环境都含有大量的中微子。中微子，因为它们可以将质子转换为中子，反之亦然，决定了所有这些环境中的中子与质子的比例。鉴于集体中微子振荡可以显着影响这一比率和核合成的产量，PI和他的学生将严格审查在当前计算中使用的平均场近似的有效性。量子信息科学的工具，如纠缠熵，促进了这种分析。PI还将比较核合成产额的不同近似值的预测。该项目推进了“宇宙之窗：多信使天体物理学时代”的目标，这是NSF未来投资的10大创意之一。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Neutrino and Antineutrino pair-Emission in Strong Magnetic Field in Relativistic Quantum Approach

相对论量子方法中强磁场中的中微子和反中微子对发射

• DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202226011029
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: EPJ Web of Conferences
• 作者: Maruyama, Tomoyuki;Balantekin, A. Baha;Cheoun, Myung-Ki;Kajino, Toshitaka;Mathews, Grand J.
• 通讯作者: Mathews, Grand J.

Relativistic Coulomb screening in pulsational pair instability supernovae

脉动对不稳定性超新星中的相对论库仑筛选

• DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202142433
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Astronomy & Astrophysics
• 影响因子: 6.5
• 作者: Famiano, M. A.;Mori, K.;Balantekin, A. B.;Kajino, T.;Kusakabe, M.;Mathews, G.
• 通讯作者: Mathews, G.

Quantum Entanglement and Neutrino Many-Body Systems

量子纠缠和中微子多体系统

• DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2191/1/012004
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Physics: Conference Series
• 作者: Balantekin, A.B.

Collective neutrino oscillations with tensor networks using a time-dependent variational principle

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.105.123025
• 发表时间: 2022-02
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Michael J. Cervia;P. Siwach;A. Patwardhan;A. Balantekin;S. Coppersmith;C. Johnson

Role of non-Gaussian quantum fluctuations in neutrino entanglement

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.123006
• 发表时间: 2022-05
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: D. Lacroix;A. Balantekin;Michael J. Cervia;A. Patwardhan;P. Siwach