Collaborative Research: The Demand for Female Labor

拟议的研究将比较女性劳动力需求对男性和女性的五项结果的影响：收入、经济福利、职业隔离、劳动力参与和教育。目标是复制过去针对每个结果的个人层面的研究，然后添加先前研究中开发的劳动力市场因素。这种多层次设计允许检查宏观层面对女性劳动力需求对性别不平等的背景影响，独立于已知的不平等的个人层面决定因素。个人层面的数据主要来自收入动态小组研究和人口普查公共使用微数据样本。教育成果将通过国家青年纵向研究进行调查。对女性和男性劳动力需求的衡量是基于职业结构向主要女性（或男性）职业倾斜的程度，这是根据1990年人口普查确定的261个大都市地区计算的。该项目在三个重要方面促进了知识的发展。首先，它为解释性别分层的主要宏观层面理论提供了系统检验。其次，这是多层次统计的最新发展首次全面应用于性别分层研究。最后，它将情景机会和个人层面过程的分析联系在一起。研究结果不仅会对理解性别分层过程产生影响，而且会对基于其他社会类别和特征的经济机会差异产生影响。

The proposed research will compare the effects of the demand for female labor on five outcomes for men and women: earnings, economic well-being, occupational segregation, labor force participation, and education. The goal is to replicate past, individual-level, research for each outcome and then add the labor market factors developed in prior research. This multilevel design allows examination of the contextual effect of macro-level demand for female labor on gender inequality, independent of the known individual-level determinants of that inequality. Individual-level data come principally from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and the Census Public Use Microdata Samples. Educational outcomes will be investigated with the National Longitudinal Study of Youth. Measures of the demand for female and male labor are based on the degree to which the occupational structure is skewed towards predominantly female (or male) occupations, calculated across 261 metropolitan areas defined from the 1990 Census. This project advances knowledge in three important ways. First, it provides a systematic test of a major macro-level theory explaining gender stratification. Second, it is the first comprehensive application of recent developments in multilevel statistics to gender stratification research. Finally, it links the analysis of both situational opportunities and individual-level processes in a single design. Results will have implications not only for understanding gender stratification processes, but also to differences in economic opportunities based upon other social categories and characteristics.