Advanced Temporal Imaging Systems

9900414 Kolner该提案寻求资源来支持时间成像新概念的发展。这项工作的基本原理源于衍射方程和色散方程之间的类比。从这个类比中产生了时间透镜、波形放大、时间显微镜和时间成像的概念。基本前提是，光波形可以使用线性系统的概念，使其时间尺度被改变，但其包络轮廓的形状保持不变的操纵。时间成像系统的基本组成部分是色散和二次相位调制，色散是自由空间衍射的模拟，二次相位调制是透镜的时间模拟。该技术的应用包括将超快光学波形放大到传统仪器可访问的时间尺度，将制作的波形压缩到短时间尺度以及增强时分复用的性能。在先前的资助下，我们奠定了时间成像的理论基础，并证明了几个重要的概念，包括波形放大，本地时间反转和脉冲压缩。我们现在计划将我们的工作扩展到包括更高性能的时间透镜，以便探索成像的基本极限，并使这项技术能够达到更广泛的受众。在这一领域的发展将需要微波介质谐振器的复杂电磁建模，Manly-Rowe关系预测的最终调制能力的理论研究，材料科学问题的损耗角正切和电光效应，以及研究工具的变分优化时间透镜设计。在理论研究的指导下，我们计划进行新的实验，例如能够进行数千弧度相位调制的再生时间透镜，基于飞秒激光脉冲和非线性混频的全光参量时间透镜，以及全光纤时间显微镜，仅举几例。我们希望这项工作将产生重大影响，使时间透镜技术的制度，它可以作为一个标准的实验室或技术工具，放大飞秒现象，波形工艺和通信应用。由于这项工作的多学科性质，它将为培养基础光学、电磁学、线性系统、计算机建模、微波理论和非线性光学方面的研究生和本科生提供巨大的机会。

9900414KolnerThis proposal seeks resources to support the evolution of new concepts in temporal imaging. The fundamental principles of this work grew out of the analogy between the equations of diffraction and dispersion. From this analogy comes the concepts of time lenses, waveform magnification, time microscopes and temporal imaging. The basic premise is that optical waveforms can be manipulated using linear systems concepts so that their time scales are altered but the shapes of their envelope profiles remain intact. The essential components of a temporal imaging system are dispersion, which is the analog of free-space diffraction, and quadratic phase modulation, which is the time analog of a lens. Applications for this technology include magnification of ultrafast optical waveforms to time scales accessible to conventional instrumentation, compressing of crafted waveforms to short time scales and enhancing performance in time division multiplexing. Under prior funding we laid the theoretical foundations of temporal imaging and demonstrated several important concepts including waveform magnification, local time reversal and pulse compression. We now plan to extend our work to encompass much higher performance time lenses so that fundamental limits of imaging may be explored and this technology may reach a broader audience.Advancing the state-of-the art in this area will require sophisticated electromagnetic modeling of microwave dielectric resonators, theoretical investigations of ultimate modula-tion capability as predicted by the Manly-Rowe relations, materials science issues of loss tangent and electro-optic effect as well as investigating the tools of variational calculus for optimizing time lens design. Guided by our theoretical studies, we plan new experiments such as a regenerative time lens, capable of many thousands of radians of phase modulation, all-optical parametric time lenses based on femtosecond laser pulses and nonlinear frequency mixing, and an all- fiber time microscope, to name a few. We expect this work to have a significant impact by bringing time lens technology to regimes where it can be used as a standard laboratory or technology tool for magnifying femtosecond phenomena, wave-form crafting and communications applications. Owing to the multidisciplinary nature of the work, it will provide tremendous opportunity for training graduate and undergraduate students in basic optics, electromagnetics, linear systems, computer modeling, microwave theory, and nonlinear optics.***