Nuclear Structure Research

核结构研究

• 批准号: 9901133
• 负责人: James Kolata
• 金额: $ 316.5万
• 依托单位: University of Notre Dame
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-06-01 至 2003-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9901133&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Nuclear; Structure; Research

9901133KolataThe University of Notre Dame Nuclear Structure Laboratory (NSL) carries out a broad-range program in experimental nuclear physics. This work is centered around the NSL facilities, but also utilizes accelerators at other laboratories. The research program emphasizes extensive collaborations with experimental and theoretical physicists at other universities, often involving visits by these scientists and their students in order to use the NSL accelerator facilities.The active areas of research at the NSL include reaction studies with short-lived radioactive nuclear beams, nuclear astrophysics, the study of weak interactions and related fundamental processes, and nuclear structure physics. These four topics span a large fraction of the frontiers of nuclear-physics research, and have a particularly large overlap with other areas of many-body physics. Yet, they are all closely related. For example, radioactive-beam physics is an important issue both for modern nuclear-astrophysics research and for the study of nuclear properties far from the valley of stability, while the properties of the nucleus as a quantal many-body system can and have been exploited to learn more about the laws of physics at the most fundamental level. The NSL is the site of pioneering work in the development of low-energy radioactive nuclear beams, and is an important center for research in nuclear astrophysics. In addition, local research groups in Atomic Physics and Radiation Chemistry carry out interdisciplinary programs using the NSL facilities.Specific topics of current interest in nuclear astrophysics include the production of the elements in steady-state "nuclear burning" in main sequence stars, and in violent events such as nova and supernova explosions. The radioactive nuclear beam research is directed at achieving a better understanding of nuclear reaction processes relevant for solar neutrino physics, as well as the structure and reactions of weakly-bound "halo" nuclei which appear at the limits of nuclear stability and are believed to have very diffuse surfaces that are rich in either neutron or proton matter. The fundamental-interactions program emphasizes several issues relevant to the search for physics beyond the standard electroweak model of elementary particle physics, including the search for "scalar currents" in weak decays and the limits to time-reversal violation in the decay of the neutron. In addition, the weak decays of nuclei relevant for various aspects of solar neutrino physics are being explored. The nuclear structure program involves the study of static and dynamic nuclear phenomena, such as the harmonic and anharmonic vibrations of nuclei, the recently discovered "magnetic" and "anti-magnetic" rotation phenomena, and the attempt to obtain a more complete description of the structure of "super-deformed" nuclei.

9901133Kolata圣母大学核结构实验室（NSL）在实验核物理方面开展了广泛的计划。这项工作是围绕NSL设施，但也利用加速器在其他实验室。该研究项目强调与其他大学的实验和理论物理学家进行广泛的合作，这些科学家和他们的学生经常访问NSL以使用NSL加速器设施。NSL的活跃研究领域包括短寿命放射性核束的反应研究，核天体物理学，弱相互作用和相关基本过程的研究，以及核结构物理学。这四个主题跨越了核物理学研究前沿的很大一部分，并且与多体物理学的其他领域有特别大的重叠。然而，它们都是密切相关的。例如，放射性束物理学是现代核天体物理学研究和远离稳定谷的核性质研究的重要问题，而原子核作为量子多体系统的性质可以而且已经被用来在最基本的水平上更多地了解物理定律。NSL是开发低能放射性核束的先驱工作场所，也是核天体物理学研究的重要中心。此外，当地的原子物理和辐射化学研究小组利用NSL的设施开展跨学科项目。目前对核天体物理学感兴趣的具体课题包括主序星稳态“核燃烧”中元素的产生，以及新星和超新星爆炸等剧烈事件。放射性核束研究的目的是更好地了解与太阳中微子物理学有关的核反应过程，以及弱束缚“晕”核的结构和反应，这种核出现在核稳定性的极限，据信具有非常弥散的表面，富含中子或质子物质。基本相互作用计划强调了与寻找基本粒子物理学标准电弱模型之外的物理学相关的几个问题，包括寻找弱衰变中的“标量电流”和中子衰变中时间反演违反的限制。此外，与太阳中微子物理学各方面有关的原子核弱衰变也在探索之中。核结构计划涉及静态和动态核现象的研究，如核的谐波和非谐波振动，最近发现的“磁性”和“反磁性”旋转现象，并试图获得更完整的描述“超变形”核的结构。