Nuclear Structure Research

9901133Kolata 圣母大学核结构实验室 (NSL) 在实验核物理方面开展了广泛的项目。这项工作以 NSL 设施为中心，但也利用了其他实验室的加速器。该研究项目强调与其他大学的实验和理论物理学家的广泛合作，通常包括这些科学家及其学生的访问，以便使用 NSL 加速器设施。 NSL 的活跃研究领域包括短寿命放射性核束的反应研究、核天体物理学、弱相互作用和相关基本过程的研究以及核结构物理学。这四个主题涵盖了核物理研究前沿的很大一部分，并且与多体物理的其他领域有特别大的重叠。然而，它们都是密切相关的。例如，放射性束物理对于现代核天体物理研究和远离稳定谷的核特性研究来说都是一个重要问题，而原子核作为量子多体系统的特性可以而且已经被用来在最基本的层面上更多地了解物理定律。国家实验室是低能放射性核束开发的先驱工作场所，也是核天体物理研究的重要中心。此外，当地原子物理和辐射化学研究小组利用国家实验室设施开展跨学科项目。当前核天体物理学感兴趣的具体主题包括主序星稳态“核燃烧”中元素的产生，以及新星和超新星爆炸等剧烈事件中元素的产生。放射性核束研究旨在更好地了解与太阳中微子物理相关的核反应过程，以及弱束缚“晕”核的结构和反应，这些核出现在核稳定性的极限，并被认为具有富含中子或质子物质的非常扩散的表面。基本相互作用计划强调与基本粒子物理标准电弱模型之外的物理搜索相关的几个问题，包括弱衰变中“标量电流”的搜索以及中子衰变中时间反转破坏的限制。此外，正在探索与太阳中微子物理各个方面相关的核弱衰变。核结构计划涉及静态和动态核现象的研究，如原子核的简谐和非简谐振动、最近发现的“磁”和“反磁”旋转现象，以及试图获得对“超变形”核结构的更完整的描述。

9901133KolataThe University of Notre Dame Nuclear Structure Laboratory (NSL) carries out a broad-range program in experimental nuclear physics. This work is centered around the NSL facilities, but also utilizes accelerators at other laboratories. The research program emphasizes extensive collaborations with experimental and theoretical physicists at other universities, often involving visits by these scientists and their students in order to use the NSL accelerator facilities.The active areas of research at the NSL include reaction studies with short-lived radioactive nuclear beams, nuclear astrophysics, the study of weak interactions and related fundamental processes, and nuclear structure physics. These four topics span a large fraction of the frontiers of nuclear-physics research, and have a particularly large overlap with other areas of many-body physics. Yet, they are all closely related. For example, radioactive-beam physics is an important issue both for modern nuclear-astrophysics research and for the study of nuclear properties far from the valley of stability, while the properties of the nucleus as a quantal many-body system can and have been exploited to learn more about the laws of physics at the most fundamental level. The NSL is the site of pioneering work in the development of low-energy radioactive nuclear beams, and is an important center for research in nuclear astrophysics. In addition, local research groups in Atomic Physics and Radiation Chemistry carry out interdisciplinary programs using the NSL facilities.Specific topics of current interest in nuclear astrophysics include the production of the elements in steady-state "nuclear burning" in main sequence stars, and in violent events such as nova and supernova explosions. The radioactive nuclear beam research is directed at achieving a better understanding of nuclear reaction processes relevant for solar neutrino physics, as well as the structure and reactions of weakly-bound "halo" nuclei which appear at the limits of nuclear stability and are believed to have very diffuse surfaces that are rich in either neutron or proton matter. The fundamental-interactions program emphasizes several issues relevant to the search for physics beyond the standard electroweak model of elementary particle physics, including the search for "scalar currents" in weak decays and the limits to time-reversal violation in the decay of the neutron. In addition, the weak decays of nuclei relevant for various aspects of solar neutrino physics are being explored. The nuclear structure program involves the study of static and dynamic nuclear phenomena, such as the harmonic and anharmonic vibrations of nuclei, the recently discovered "magnetic" and "anti-magnetic" rotation phenomena, and the attempt to obtain a more complete description of the structure of "super-deformed" nuclei.