U.S.-Chile Cooperative Research: Physically Based Methodologies to Assess Hydrologic Hazards

9901402Walder美洲项目奖金将支持美国地质调查局Joseph S. Walder博士与南安第斯山脉火山观测站Hugo Moreno博士合作开展一项评估火山附近水文灾害的研究。这项研究将在智利特穆科的南安第斯山脉火山观测站进行，该观测站位于几座活跃的、冰雪覆盖的火山附近，距离可能受到火山泥流（火山碎屑流）威胁的水电站不远。到目前为止，描绘火山相关危险的地图依赖于历史记录和详细的地质研究来估计未来事件的危险区边界。这项工作的目标是在基本层面上理解危险的火山现象，并开发基于物理的模型，可用于对未来的危险事件做出合理的预测，并确定危险区。实地调查的目的是进行观察，重点是拟订与冰雪上熔岩流动的水文影响有关的危害评估方法。凭借他在冰川学和水文学方面的背景，美国PI将开发基于物理的方法来评估火山泥流进入湖泊的危害，而智利调查员在火山学方面的专业知识将提供必要的背景信息和以前火山爆发的数据，并提供和便利进入实地地点。＊＊＊

9901402WalderThis Americas Program award will support Dr. Joseph S. Walder, US Geological Survey, in collaboration with Dr. Hugo Moreno, Observatorio Volcanologico de los Andes del Sur, on a study to assess hydrologic hazards near volcanoes. The research will be carried out at the Observatorio Volcanologico de los Andes del Sur in Temuco, Chile, which is located near several active, snow and ice-covered volcanoes, and not far away from hydroelectric dams potentially endangered by lahars (volcanogenic debris flows.) Up to now maps depicting volcano-related hazards have relied on historical records and detailed geologic studies to estimate the boundaries of hazard zones for future events. The objective of this work is to understand hazardous volcanic phenomena at a fundamental level, and to develop physically based models that can be used to make plausible predictions of future hazardous events and define hazard zones. Field investigations will be aimed at making observations, focused on developing hazards-assessment methodologies related to the hydrological effects of lava-flow movement over snow and ice. With his background in glaciology and hydrology the US PI will develop physically based methods for assessing hazards from the lahars entering lakes, while the Chilean investigator's expertise in volcanology will provide the necessary background information and data from previous eruptions and provide and facilitate access to field sites. ***