U.S.-U.K. Cooperative Research: Experimental Study of Lava-Flow Interactions with Snow and Ice

0000237沃尔德这两年的美国奖-英国波特兰州立大学的约瑟夫·瓦尔德和位于华盛顿温哥华的美国地质调查局的喀斯喀特火山观测站以及R.布里斯托大学环境地球物理流动中心的斯蒂芬·J·斯帕克斯说。 这项研究合作旨在了解熔岩在雪和冰川冰上运动引起的洪水和泥石流。 提出了几组不同的实验。 模拟的熔岩流将在冰和人造雪上释放，融水产生的速度将根据熔岩温度、粘度、排放速度和冰面坡度来确定。 模拟的熔岩流也将被释放到冰块上，冰块包含模拟冰川裂缝和冰川融水排水系统的特征。 实验结果将与理论模型进行比较，然后可以对现实世界的现象进行预测。美国研究人员为这次合作带来了冰川学以及热火山颗粒流与雪的相互作用方面的专业知识。 这一点得到了英国的补充。研究人员在物理火山学方面的专业知识。 布里斯托中心是世界上进行冰-熔岩相互作用实验工作的最佳设施，并拥有模拟熔岩在冰上流动的专门设备。 该项目将促进对洪水如何发生的理解，并可用于预测火山喷发活动造成的洪水。

0000237WalderThis two-year award for U.S.-U.K. collaboration on lava-flow interactions with snow and ice involves Joseph Walder of Portland State University and the Cascades Volcano Observatory of the U.S. Geological Survey in Vancouver, Washington, and R. Stephen J. Sparks of the Centre for Environmental Geophysical Flows, University of Bristol. The research collaboration is aimed at understanding flood generation and debris flows caused by the movement of lava over snow and glacier ice. Several distinct sets of experiments are proposed. Simulated lava flows will be released over ice and artificial snow, and the rate of meltwater production will be determined as a function of lava temperature, viscosity, discharge rate and ice-surface slope. Simulated lava flows will also be released over ice blocks containing features that emulate glacial crevasses and a glacial meltwater drainage system. Experimental results will be compared to theoretical models that then can be scaled to make predictions about real-world phenomena.The U.S. investigator brings to this collaboration expertise in glaciology and the interaction of hot volcanic grain flows with snow. This is complemented by the U.K. investigator's expertise in physical volcanology. The Bristol Centre is the best facility in the world for experimental work on ice-lava interactions and has specialized equipment for simulating lava flows over ice. The project will advance understanding of how flooding occurs and may be used to predict flooding caused by eruptive volcanic activity.