Morphology of the Anterior Vertebral Regions and Otophysic Systems of Clupeomorphs and Ostariophysans, with Phylogenetic Implications for the Clueocephala

9903533 Grande和dePinna这个项目的总体目标是通过一些有趣的新特征信息来研究鱼类(例如鲱鱼和凤尾鱼)和骨藻(例如鲤鱼、小鱼、鲶鱼)之间的历史关系。我们将对这些鱼类的前椎-耳肌复合体进行比较研究。我们研究这些鱼的前脊椎区域的基本原理是，从我们的初步调查和其他研究人员的调查来看，这一区域似乎是一个系统发育信息的来源，对于理解几个主要的杆头类群的关系具有潜在的基础。我们将重点关注的一个重要鱼类群体是刺鱼总科。从科学上讲，这是一个重要的群体，因为他们似乎拥有用于增强近场听力的诊断棒状机制。此外，骨骼的修饰与骨藻用来传递高频声音振动的那些惊人地相似。因此，脊椎动物总科可能是理解节肢动物和骨藻的起源的关键，这两个鱼类是当今存在的两个最大的鱼类群体。如果杆状突触与骨质疏松症是相关的，那么它们的耳生理修饰也是相关的。在这项研究中，P.I.s将调查棱形类鱼类的所有属，以修改前椎-气囊复合体，并首次详细描述这种形态。我们将调查和检查所有主要的脊椎形态亚组的代表，以了解脊椎前柱的修改情况，并评估他们的脊柱前路修改情况。他们将根据对丛生形态和骨藻分类群的调查，构建他们的发现的数据矩阵。作为对字符一致性的测试，为了真正测试Clupeforma的单调性，这个新的字符集将被添加到文献中已经提出的并进行分支分析的字符中。

9903533Grande and dePinnaThe overall goal of this project is to examine the historical relationship between the Clupeomorpha (e.g., herrings and anchovies) and the Ostariophysi (e.g., carps, minnows, catfishes) with some intriguing new character information. We will conduct a comparative study focusing on the anterior vertebral-otophysic complexes of these fishes. Our rationale for examining the anterior vertebral regions of these fishes is that, from our preliminary investigations, and from those of other researchers, this region appears to be a source of phylogenetic information potentially fundamental to understanding the relationships of several major clupeocephalan groups. One important fish group that we will focus on is the Pristigasteroidea. This is an important group scientifically because it appears to have the diagnostic clupeiform mechanics used to enhance near-field hearing. Further, the skeletal modifications are strikingly similar to those used by ostariophysans to transmit high frequency sound vibrations. The Pristigasteroidea may thus hold the key to understanding the origin of clupeomorphs and ostariophysans, two of the largest fish groups in existence today. If clupeomorphs and ostariophysans are related, then so, too, are their otophysic modifications. In this study the P.I.s will survey all genera of pristigasteroid fishes for modifications of the anterior vertebrae-gasbladder complex, and describe this morphology in detail for the first time. We will survey and examine representatives of all major clupeomorph subgroups for modifications of the anterior vertebral column as seen in pristigasteroids, and to assess their anterior vertebral modifications. They will construct a data matrix of their findings based on their survey of clupeomorph and ostariophysan taxa. As a test of character congruence, and to truly test the monophyly of Clupeomorpha, this new character set will be added to those characters already proposed in the literature and analyzed cladistically.