Underclass Formaton and Ethnicity in Comparative and Historical Perspective: The Case of Central and Eastern Europe

比较和历史视角下的下层阶级构成和种族：中欧和东欧的案例

• 批准号: 9906120
• 负责人: Rebecca Jean Emigh
• 金额: $ 2.62万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-09-15 至 2000-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9906120&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Underclass; Formaton; Ethnicity; Comparative; Historical

9906120Rebecca EmighIvan SzelenyiThis project investigates the dynamics of two social and historical processes, 1) underclass formation and 2) waves of assimilation and dissimilation, by examining the history of several small rural communities in Central and Eastern Europe during the past 150 years. It is part of a larger research effort to understand the relation between poverty and ethnicity in this region. The larger project includes a nationally representative survey fielded in Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russia, and Slovakia. The survey is designed to provide estimates of the extent of poverty, and also to assess whether certain ethnic groups, and in particular, the Roma (Gypsies), are likely to be concentrated in poverty. Many researchers suspect that an underclass is forming among the Roma in this region as a result of the recent transition to a market economy. Although a survey is crucial, it reveals little about the temporal processes that create an underclass or that produce waves of assimilation and dissimilationThis project, the historical component of the research, addresses this omission by studying the long-term processes of underclass formation, assimilation and dissimilation by linking them to economic systems of capitalism and socialism and to assimilationist policies. Specifically, this project complements the quantitative (survey) methodology with community studies, using in-depth interviewing, participant observation, and historical, archival research. This research will contribute to the sociological literature on the underclass and assimilation through its examination of these theoretical constructs outside the American context in which they are usually studied. Research on the underclass in usually linked to African-Americans living in urban ghettos. In contrast, this project considers whether an underclass exists among rural Roma in Central Europe. Similarly, much research on assimilation focuses on the unidirectional process of immigrant assimilation in the United States. Again, in contrast, this current project considers the waves of assimilation and dissimilation of non-immigrant ethnic minorities in a cross-national context.

9906120 Rebecca EmighIvan Szelenyi这个项目通过研究中欧和东欧几个小农村社区过去150年的历史，研究了两个社会和历史过程的动态：1)下层阶级的形成和2)同化和异化的浪潮。这是一项更大的研究工作的一部分，目的是了解该地区贫困和种族之间的关系。更大的项目包括在保加利亚、匈牙利、波兰、罗马尼亚、俄罗斯和斯洛伐克进行的具有全国代表性的调查。该调查旨在估计贫困程度，并评估某些族裔群体，特别是罗姆人(吉普赛人)是否可能集中在贫困中。许多研究人员怀疑，由于最近向市场经济的过渡，该地区的罗姆人中正在形成一个下层阶级。尽管调查至关重要，但它几乎没有揭示产生下层阶级或产生同化和异化浪潮的时间过程。这个项目是研究的历史组成部分，通过研究下层阶级的形成、同化和异化的长期过程来解决这一疏漏，将它们与资本主义和社会主义的经济制度以及同化政策联系起来。具体地说，该项目利用深入访谈、参与者观察以及历史和档案研究，用社区研究补充了定量(调查)方法。这项研究将有助于社会学文献中关于下层阶级和同化的研究，因为它考察了通常研究它们的美国背景之外的这些理论结构。对下层阶级的研究通常与生活在城市犹太人区的非裔美国人有关。相比之下，该项目考虑的是中欧农村罗姆人中是否存在下层阶级。同样，许多关于同化的研究都集中在美国移民同化的单向过程上。同样，与此形成对比的是，目前的项目考虑了跨国背景下非移民少数民族的同化和异化浪潮。