SGER: Adapative Competition and Emergent Control

SGER：自适应竞争和紧急控制

• 批准号: 9908706
• 负责人: Robert Savit
• 金额: $ 8.04万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-07-01 至 2001-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9908706&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SGER; Adapative; Competition; Emergent; Control

Social and biological systems are subject to design and control at various levels. In particular, systems may be subject to centralized hierarchical control (top-down), or to control emanating inherently from the dynamics of agents whose actions in the aggregate constitute the system under consideration (bottom-up). In many such systems, agents will seek to act in ways that place them in a minority position. By doing so, agents can often optimize their ability to obtain resources. Examples include traders in a financial market, firms bringing innovative products to market, and packets of information seeking the least congested route on the internet. In such systems, good control of the system, as measured by a effective system-wideutilization of resources, can be sometimes be effected by an emergent coordination of agents' actions, without any top-down centralized control. This Small Grant for Exploratory Research (SGER) provides funding to study a class of simple models that contain the crux of these dynamics, and in which the emergence of good system-wide control is evident. The research will seek to elucidate the precise nature of the control, and the necessary and sufficient conditions for its appearance. The consequences of success in this research are far-ranging. At the theoretical level, this work can elucidate some of the unifying fundamental dynamics that undelie a wide range of complex adaptive systems in the social and biological sciences. In more practical terms, understanding the nature of the observed emegent control can lead to important advances in a number of areas. Most immediately, there are strong implications for the control of internet traffic. By exploiting more directly the distributed, heterogeneous nature of the internet, it may be possible to improve information flow considerably. Similarly, there are implications for vehicular traffic control. Another area of potential application is the financial markets. The emegent control observed in simple models depends crucially on the amount of information presented to the agents. Best control is obtained when the agents use a moderate amount of information to make their choices. This suggeststhat it may be possible to put in place regulations for financial markets so that the effective amount of information used by traders is near the optimal value for good emergent control. These are only a few examples of the kinds of problems that can be illuminated by this research.

社会和生物系统受到不同层次的设计和控制。 特别是，系统可能会受到集中的分层控制（自上而下），或控制固有的动态代理人的行动，在聚合构成系统正在考虑（自下而上）。 在许多这样的系统中，代理人将寻求以使他们处于少数地位的方式行事。 通过这样做，代理通常可以优化其获取资源的能力。 例子包括金融市场上的交易员，将创新产品推向市场的公司，以及在互联网上寻找最不拥挤的路径的信息包。 在这样的系统中，良好的控制系统，作为衡量一个有效的系统范围内利用资源，有时可以通过紧急协调代理的行动，没有任何自上而下的集中控制。 这个探索性研究（SGER）的小补助金提供资金，研究一类简单的模型，包含这些动态的关键，并在其中出现良好的系统范围内的控制是显而易见的。 该研究将试图阐明控制的确切性质，以及其出现的必要和充分条件。 这项研究成功的后果是广泛的。 在理论层面上，这项工作可以阐明一些统一的基本动力学，在社会和生物科学中的广泛的复杂适应系统。 从更实际的角度来看，了解所观察到的紧急控制的性质可以在许多领域取得重要进展。 最直接的是，对互联网流量的控制有很强的影响。 通过更直接地利用互联网的分布式、异构性，有可能大大改善信息流。 同样，对车辆交通控制也有影响。 另一个潜在的应用领域是金融市场。 在简单模型中观察到的紧急控制关键取决于提供给代理人的信息量。 当代理使用适量的信息来做出选择时，可以获得最佳控制。 这表明，有可能对金融市场进行监管，使交易员使用的有效信息量接近良好紧急控制的最佳值。 这些只是本研究可以阐明的问题中的几个例子。