Participant Support for IUTAM Symposium Material Instabilities and the Effect of Microstructures

不稳定性在固体和结构的设计中起着至关重要的作用，因为它经常限制它们从制造阶段到安装和操作的性能。 更有效的结构设计促使了1940- 1970年期间在结构稳定性方面取得的巨大进展。 最近，战神从物质层面的不稳定性中获得了新的动力。 这部分是由于新材料的出现，但也由于不断努力发展本构关系和更传统的材料的故障标准。 像在更经典的问题，这种不稳定性是由几何形状和材料性质的非线性相互作用，现在是有关的材料的微观结构。 这类相对较新的问题的例子是压缩和木材中纤维复合材料的扭结失效，形状记忆合金中应力诱导的转变，金属单晶和多晶体中的剪切力，以及压缩多孔材料中的变形局部化。 类似的问题也被称为控制颗粒材料、岩石、混凝土和几种聚合物的行为。

Instability plays a crucial role in the design of solids and structures as it often limits their performance from their manufacturing stage to their installation and operation. The design of more effcient structures motivated the enormous progress in structural stability acheived during the period of 1940-70. More recently, the ares has received a new impetus form instabilities at the material level. This is partly due to the advent of new materilas but, also due to continuing efforts to develop constitutive laws and failure criteria for more conventional materials. Like in the more classical problems, such instabilities are governed by non linear interaction of geometry and material properties which now are related to the microstructure of the material. Examples of this class of relatively new problems are kinking failure in fiber composites in compression and in wood, stress induced transformations in shape memory alloys, shear licalizaion in metal mono- and polycrystals,and localization of deformation in compressed cellular materials. Similar problems are also known to govern the behavior of granular materials, rocks, concrete and several polymers.