GLOBEC: Sea Ice Microbial Communities

美国全球海洋生态系统动力学(U.S.GLOBEC)计划的目标是了解并最终预测海洋动物种群如何对气候的自然和人为变化做出反应。南大洋的研究表明，通过每年海冰的形成和破坏，气候过程和生态系统动态之间存在着强烈的耦合。南大洋GLOBEC计划(SOGLOBEC)将通过确定影响目标物种分布、丰度和种群动态的关键参数，研究物理过程和生态系统响应之间的动态关系。So GLOBEC计划的总体目标是阐明陆架循环过程及其对海冰形成和磷虾分布的影响，并研究影响磷虾生存和提供给较高营养水平的因素，包括企鹅、海豹和鲸鱼。美国对国际SO GLOBEC计划的贡献重点将放在冬季过程上。这一部分将侧重于海冰微生物群落的分布和活动。这将使用采样(垂直剖面、水平测量和冰下测量)和观测方案的综合组合来实现。将设计实验来估计海冰内和冰-海水界面上的微生物活动。这项研究将与研究水柱生产力和海冰栖息地的部分协调进行。So GLOBEC综合计划的结果将是提高海洋生物资源的可预测性，特别是关于当地和全球气候变化的可预测性。

The U.S. Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (U.S. GLOBEC) program has the goal of understanding and ultimately predicting how populations of marine animal species respond to natural and anthropogenic changes in climate. Research in the Southern Ocean (SO) indicates strong coupling between climatic processes and ecosystem dynamics via the annual formation and destruction of sea ice. The Southern Ocean GLOBEC Program (SO GLOBEC) will investigate the dynamic relationship between physical processes and ecosystem responses through identification of critical parameters that affect the distribution, abundance and population dynamics of target species. The overall goals of the SO GLOBEC program are to elucidate shelf circulation processes and their effect on sea ice formation and krill distribution, and to examine the factors which govern krill survivorship and availability to higher trophic levels, including penguins, seals and whales. The focus of the U.S. contribution to the international SO GLOBEC program will be on winter processes. This component will focus on the distribution and activities of sea ice microbial communities. This will be accomplished using an integrated combination of sampling (vertical profiles, horizontal surveys, and under-ice surveys) and observational protocols. Experiments will be designed to estimate microbial activity within the sea ice and at the ice-seawater interface. The research will be coordinated with components studying the water column productivity and the sea ice habitat. The result of the integrated SO GLOBEC program will be to improve the predictability of living marine resources, especially with respect to local and global climatic shifts.