Collaborative Research: The Role of Wind-Driven Transport in Shelf Productivity: Hydrography and Circulation from Shipboard Measurements

合作研究：风力运输在货架生产力中的作用：船上测量的水文和环流

• 批准号: 9910896
• 负责人: Newell Garfield
• 金额: $ 39.76万
• 依托单位: San Francisco State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-01-01 至 2005-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9910896&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Role; Wind; Driven

9910896GarfieldThis collaborative project, involving eleven investigators at five institutions is under the auspices of the Coastal Ocean Processes (CoOP) Program, and it focuses on the role of wind-driven transport in shelf productivity. Wind-driven continental shelves represent a paradox in that while they are characterized by high productivity due to upward fluxes of nutrients into the euphotic zone, wind forcing also represents negative physical and biological controls via offshore transport and deep (light-limiting) mixing of primary producers. Specifically, upwelling ecosystems along mid-latitude eastern boundaries of the ocean are well known for wind forcing and high productivity at lower trophic levels, with concomitant transport of near-surface plankton offshore. The group of researchers will conduct an interdisciplinary study to examine the roles that wind-driven transport plays in productivity over the shelf off northern California. Research will focus on key processes to explain the integrated functioning of highly productive planktonic systems over eastern boundary shelves in response to wind-driven transport, and specifically, to determine the sensitivity of these processes to both wind intensity and the time scales of wind forcing. Work will also identify specific features of the nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton (NPZ) food web that lead to greater or lesser secondary productivity in response to changes in wind forcing.To implement the study, part of the work will examine the 3-dimensional wind-driven circulation of water concurrently with size-structured distributions of phytoplankton and zooplankton species. Other efforts will study the key physical and biological processes that control primary production, zooplankton population responses, and offshore transport of plankton and nutrients over the strongly wind-driven shelf and slope off Bodega Bay. An integrated sampling scheme coupled with appropriate physical-biological models designed to synthesize and guide the fieldwork has been developed. The fieldwork will be comprised of fixed station time-series, ship surveys, drifter releases, and satellite remote sensing. There are two parts to the fieldwork - one focusing on the mooring array off Bodega Bay, and a second involving ship surveys and drifters. The mooring array places emphasis on eulerian measurements of cross-shelf circulation, aiming also to resolve up/downwelling fluxes. The surveys and drifters place emphasis on transformations in the water column, specifically the maturation of upwelled water as it moves away from the mooring site. By combining these data with the synoptic measurements available from satellites and the integrative aspects of the modeling, the project seeks to address all the important processes associated with wind-driven transport. This promises to unravel the paradox of how wind-driven transport supports high levels of productivity over eastern boundary shelf regions.This particular component of the study will provide remote sensing data using the AVHRR, SeaWiFS, and GOES platforms, and much of the hydrographic data. Ship surveys will be comprised of both station and underway tow-yo sampling of water properties and current velocity. Underway water measurements include temperature, conductivity, chlorophyll fluorescence, transmissivity, and pCO2.

9910896Garfield 这个合作项目涉及五个机构的 11 名研究人员，由沿海海洋过程 (CoOP) 计划资助，重点研究风驱动运输在陆架生产力中的作用。风力驱动的大陆架代表了一个悖论，因为虽然它们的特点是由于养分向上流入富光区而具有高生产力，但风力也代表着通过近海运输和初级生产者的深度（光限制）混合而产生的负面物理和生物控制。 具体而言，沿海洋东部中纬度边界的上升流生态系统因风力作用和低营养层的高生产力而闻名，同时近海浮游生物也随之迁移。 该研究小组将进行一项跨学科研究，以研究风力运输对北加州大陆架生产力的影响。 研究将集中于关键过程，以解释东部边界陆架上高产浮游系统响应风驱动运输的综合功能，特别是确定这些过程对风力强度和风力强迫时间尺度的敏感性。工作还将确定营养-浮游植物-浮游动物（NPZ）食物网的具体特征，这些特征会导致次级生产力或多或少地响应风力变化。为了实施这项研究，工作的一部分将检查三维风驱动的水循环以及浮游植物和浮游动物物种的大小结构分布。 其他工作将研究控制初级生产、浮游动物种群反应以及博德加湾强风驱动陆架和斜坡上浮游生物和营养物质的近海运输的关键物理和生物过程。已经制定了综合采样方案以及适当的物理生物模型，旨在综合和指导实地工作。 实地工作将包括固定站时间序列、船舶调查、漂流者释放和卫星遥感。 实地工作分为两部分：一是重点关注博德加湾附近的系泊阵列，二是涉及船舶调查和漂流者。 系泊阵列强调跨陆架环流的欧拉测量，也旨在解决上升/下降通量。调查和漂流者强调水柱的变化，特别是上升水离开系泊地点时的成熟。通过将这些数据与卫星提供的天气测量和建模的综合方面相结合，该项目力求解决与风驱动运输相关的所有重要过程。 这有望揭开风力运输如何支持东部边界陆架区域高水平生产力的悖论。该研究的这一特定部分将使用 AVHRR、SeaWiFS 和 GOES 平台提供遥感数据以及大部分水文数据。 船舶调查将包括水特性和水流速度的站站和航行中拖曳采样。 正在进行的水测量包括温度、电导率、叶绿素荧光、透射率和 pCO2。