Expanded Measures of Price and Quantity Structures Over Space and Time

价格和数量结构在空间和时间上的扩展衡量

• 批准号: 9911377
• 负责人: Alan Heston
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Pennsylvania
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-05-01 至 2004-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9911377&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Expanded; Measures; Price; Quantity; Structures

This project continues the development of a Space-Time System of National Accounts (STSNA) covering virtually all of the countries of the world. Our STSNA, The Penn World Table (PWT) ) is still far from a perfected data source but it is fast approaching that end. The very large number of citations to PWT publications in the Social Science Citation Index makes clear that already PWT is satisfying a substantial need in the community of social science empirical researchers.The standard System of National Accounts (SNA) contains invaluable country time series of quantities and prices that make possible a variety of intertemporal comparisons within countries. However except in very special cases, the SNA entries cannot effectively be used in making comparisons across countries. The inadequacy of SNA entries for quantity comparisons between countries -- that is interspatial comparisons - is apparent immediately when it is seen that quantities, represented by expenditure outlays, are expressed in different currency units in different countries. The interspatial comparison difficulty is not simply a matter of differences in currency units. Price parities, at the heart of an STSNA, are needed to make the expenditures commensurable across countries. Even comparisons of descriptive ratios that are units-free are likely to depend on relative price ratios in the countries. For example, a country's Investment to GDP ratio derived from the SNA will reflect not only relative quantities but also the price of its investment goods relative to the prices of all other goods. Even here, price parties -- absent from the SNA -- are needed to make comparisons of the real descriptive ratio, Investment /GDP.The Penn World Table is an integration of the entries of the SNA and the prices that have been collected in many countries every five years in the benchmark studies of the International Comparison Programme. The general methodology for combining these quite different data sets is reasonably well-established, but the implementation requires constant attention. From the standpoint of the researchers and policymakers who draw on the Penn World Table, the constant updating and revising is routine but essential. The development of estimates of interesting new variables is critical, and improving the accessibility of the Table's data is important. Past National Science Foundation support made possible the expansion of the scope of the PWT from the 1980 Mark 1 version of PWT (119 countries, 10 variables, and the years 1950 and 1960-77) to the most recent Mark 5.6 version (152 countries, 29 variables and years 1950-92). This expansion of scope probably accounts for the widespread use of PWT, but primary emphasis has been put on improving the quality of the estimates.Dissemination of the Penn World Table and the full output of the 197O, 1975, 1980, 1985, and 1990 benchmark studies is at the state of the art through the Penn web site. The Table can also be extracted from a number of other web sites, one of which provides significant graphical support. Now quantity and price estimates are also available for over 900 sub-national units (states, provinces, etc.) for about 30 major countries in 1990.

该项目继续开发几乎覆盖世界所有国家的国民账户时空系统（STSNA）。我们的 STSNA（宾夕法尼亚大学世界表 (PWT)）距离完美的数据源还很远，但它正在快速接近这一目标。社会科学引文索引中对 PWT 出版物的大量引用清楚地表明，PWT 已经满足了社会科学实证研究人员群体的实质性需求。标准国民账户体系 (SNA) 包含宝贵的国家时间序列的数量和价格，使各国内部的各种跨期比较成为可能。然而，除非在非常特殊的情况下，国民账户体系条目不能有效地用于进行各国之间的比较。当看到以支出支出为代表的数量在不同国家以不同货币单位表示时，国民账户体系条目用于国家间数量比较（即空间间比较）的不足就显而易见。 跨空间比较的困难不仅仅是货币单位差异的问题。价格平价是 STSNA 的核心，需要使各国的支出具有可比性。即使是无单位的描述性比率的比较也可能取决于各国的相对价格比率。例如，根据国民账户体系得出的一国投资与 GDP 的比率不仅反映相对数量，还反映其投资品相对于所有其他商品价格的价格。即使在这里，也需要价格方（国民账户体系中没有）对实际描述性比率（投资/国内生产总值）进行比较。佩恩世界表综合了国民账户体系的条目和国际比较计划基准研究中每五年在许多国家收集的价格。 组合这些截然不同的数据集的一般方法已经相当完善，但实施需要不断关注。从借鉴宾夕法尼亚大学世界表的研究人员和政策制定者的角度来看，不断的更新和修订是例行公事，但却是必要的。对有趣的新变量进行估计至关重要，提高表数据的可访问性也很重要。过去国家科学基金会的支持使得 PWT 的范围从 1980 Mark 1 版本的 PWT（119 个国家、10 个变量以及 1950 和 1960-77 年）扩展到最新的 Mark 5.6 版本（152 个国家、29 个变量和 1950-92 年）。这种范围的扩大可能是 PWT 广泛使用的原因，但主要重点是提高估计的质量。宾夕法尼亚大学世界表和 197O、1975、1980、1985 和 1990 年基准研究的全部输出通过宾夕法尼亚大学网站进行了最新的传播。该表还可以从许多其他网站中提取，其中之一提供了重要的图形支持。现在还提供了 1990 年约 30 个主要国家 900 多个地方单位（州、省等）的数量和价格估计。