The Politics of Association: Law and the Structuring of Rights, Restraints, and Resources in the United States, 1900 -1940

摘要9911428伊丽莎白S克莱门斯这个项目研究了大约从1900年到1940年，州法律的变化对非政府组织的影响。这个问题很重要，因为许多分析人士把这种协会作为促进或延缓民主化、促进或延缓福利和其他类型的社会变革的工具来研究。潜在协会所处的法律环境影响其结构和使命，以及其成员的组成。确定法律结构并将其与组织类型相关联是研究的第一步。然后，PI将寻求解释在相同环境中不同组织类型之间存在的差异，以及组织如何寻求符合其法律环境。之所以能够进行调查，是因为在接受审查期间，各州在管理社团的法律上存在很大差异。这项研究的早期部分将记录并试图解释管理正式社团的法律的差异。接下来，这项研究将调查特定法律与协会的形式和目的之间的联系，追踪它们如何鼓励某些组织形式的组合，同时禁止另一些组织形式。这项工作的范围是雄心勃勃的，这项工作将有助于社会学研究的几个领域，如福利国家的发展以及政治行动和市场力量的关系。这部作品的主要价值在于历史价值和理论价值。从经验上讲，它的主要贡献将是开发出衡量管理社团存在和活动的政治-法律结构的方法。

AbstractSES 9911428Elisabeth S ClemensThis project studies how changes in state law affect non-governmental associations from about 1900 to 1940. The issue is important because many analysts have studied such associations as vehicles to promote or retard democratization, and to promote or retard welfare and other types of social change. The legal climate in which potential associations exist affects their structure and mission, as well as composition of their membership. Identifying the legal structure and relating it to the types of organizations is the first step in the research. Following that, the PI will seek to explain variations that exist among organizational types in the same environments, and how the organizations seek to conform to their legal climates. The investigation is made possible by the considerable variation among states in laws governing associations during the period to be examined. An early part of the research will document and seek to explain variations in laws governing formal associations. Next, the research will investigate links between specific laws and the form and purpose of associations, tracing how they encourage some combinations of organizational forms while proscribing others. The scope is ambitious and the work will contribute to several areas of sociological research such as development of the welfare state and the relationships of political action and market forces. The main value of this work is historical and theoretical. Empirically, its main contribution will be to develop ways to measure political-legal structures governing the existence and activities of associations.