Doctoral Dissertation Research: Women in American Politics

博士论文研究：美国政治中的女性

• 批准号: 0526574
• 负责人: Elisabeth Clemens
• 金额: $ 0.52万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-01 至 2006-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0526574&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Women; American

SES-0526574Elisabeth ClemonsZohar LechtmanUniversity of ChicagoWomen's participation in American politics in the last three decades has been on the rise. In state and city legislatures they constitute a large minority, and even a majority. Infact, women's representation has more than tripled in the last thirty years across the United States, and the change is even greater when individual states and cities are considered. Typically, the discussion regarding women and politics revolves around the obstacle facing women in the way to full gender equality. Constraints on women's access to resources outside the political arena, and masculinity as the organizing ideology of the political arena itself are the main barriers in their full inclusion. Although women are not represented equally across the political arena, the change in the last thirty years suggests that there is room to consider the opposite question: how women move from an outsider status to become part of the political arena. The study explores the cultural and structural mechanisms involved in the transformation of gender relations in politics, aiming to generate models of gender relations in the political arena that account for a legitimized power for women. The project builds on the contribution of organizational theories to the understanding of political change and social movements, suggesting that a detailed examination of politics in the context in which it is practiced can provide a broader understanding of gender and political relations. Integrating gender analysis into organizational analysis this study examines the way different organizations contribute to women's political success and institutionalization of position of power for women in one political arena. This project is a case-study in one municipal system, comparing different political and organizational biographies of political actors to examine the factors that contribute to electoral success. This study includes an additional exploratory component, examining potential implication of political organizational biography to political repertories. The project progresses in three stages. The first stage is my preliminary analysis of election returns. This stage identified quantitative trends in women's political representation in the city and yielded a database of political actors. Stage two will address the role of civic voluntary associations in facilitating women's political success. It will use data from in-depth detailed interviews to examine the organizational practices involved in women's political careers. A third, exploratory stage will follow up with participant observation of selected city wards, on the basis of interview results. This stage will examine the effect of female leadership's organizational background on political culture and division of labor in six selected communities. Broader Impacts. The project will expand our understanding of political processes. In particular, through detailed data collection and analysis, this project enhances our understanding, beyond how the political arena serves as a barrier to women's participation, but to understand how transformation in gender relations in the political can occur. This project could potentially provide knowledge, for practicing political activists in addition to academics, on the strategies by which a marginal group can become, not only a contesting, but also a legitimate actor in formal political institutions.

在过去的三十年里，美国妇女对政治的参与一直在上升。在州和市的立法机构中，他们构成了一个很大的少数派，甚至是多数派。事实上，在过去的三十年里，美国妇女的代表人数增加了两倍多，如果考虑到个别州和城市，这种变化甚至更大。 通常，关于妇女与政治的讨论围绕着妇女在实现全面性别平等方面面临的障碍。妇女在获得政治竞技场之外的资源方面受到的限制，以及作为政治竞技场本身的组织意识形态的男子气概，是她们充分参与的主要障碍。尽管妇女在整个政治竞技场中的代表性并不平等，但过去30年的变化表明，有必要考虑相反的问题：妇女如何从局外人地位转变为政治竞技场的一部分。 该研究探讨了政治中性别关系转变所涉及的文化和结构机制，旨在建立政治竞技场中的性别关系模式，使妇女的权力合法化。该项目建立在组织理论对理解政治变革和社会运动的贡献的基础上，表明在实践的背景下对政治进行详细审查可以更广泛地理解性别和政治关系。 本研究将性别分析纳入组织分析，探讨不同组织如何促进妇女在政治上取得成功，并使妇女在一个政治竞技场中的权力地位制度化。该项目是一个市政系统的案例研究，比较政治行为者的不同政治和组织履历，以研究有助于选举成功的因素。本研究包括一个额外的探索性组成部分，探讨政治组织传记的政治剧目的潜在影响。该项目分三个阶段进行。第一阶段是我对选举结果的初步分析。这一阶段确定了该市妇女政治代表性的数量趋势，并建立了一个政治行为者数据库。第二阶段将探讨民间志愿协会在促进妇女政治成功方面的作用。它将利用深入详细访谈的数据来审查妇女政治生涯所涉及的组织做法。第三阶段是探索阶段，将根据访谈结果，对选定的城市病房进行参与性观察。这一阶段将在六个选定的社区中考察女性领导的组织背景对政治文化和劳动分工的影响。更广泛的影响。该项目将扩大我们对政治进程的理解。特别是，通过详细的数据收集和分析，该项目提高了我们的认识，超越了政治竞技场如何成为妇女参与的障碍，而是了解政治中的性别关系如何发生转变。这个项目可能提供知识，除了学者，实践的政治活动家，在战略上，一个边缘群体可以成为，不仅是一个有竞争力的，但也是一个合法的演员在正式的政治机构。