SBIR Phase I: On-Line Production of Pyrogen-Free Water in Hemodialysis Units

这个小型企业创新研究第一阶段项目描述了一种高效，快速和具有成本效益的光反应器的开发，以在线提供血液透析系统中的无热原水。血液透析的若干风险和危害与水质相关，包括热原污染。血液透析系统中的当前实践不能保证无热原水。此外，现有技术中存在几个缺点：添加化学品，在水接触透析膜之前必须对其进行监测和破坏;形成有毒副产物;没有在线供应无热原水;以及成本。在所提出的系统中，消毒剂在原位产生，在光反应器内消耗，并且能够完全矿化有机物质。通过在高效反应器设计中采用有效的光催化剂（无机、无毒、化学和生物惰性材料），可缩短处理时间。第一阶段的目的是在实验室规模系统的构建和评估的基础上，评估新型光反应器在线生产无热原水的技术可行性。在第二阶段，将开发一个自动系统，并将其集成到血液透析系统中。 拟议的系统将立即应用于该行业的许多部门。 所有血液透析系统都需要无热原水。此外，医疗行业使用大量无热原水，如静脉输液、感染液和手术室冲洗液。此外，无菌水是需要在水培工业。

This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project describes the development of an efficient, fast, and cost-effective photoreactor to supply pyrogen-free water on-line in hemodialysis systems. Several risks and hazards identified for hemodialysis are associated with water quality, including pyrogenic contamination. Current practices in hemodialysis systems do not guaranty pyrogen-free water. Furthermore, several drawbacks exist in current techniques: addition of chemicals, which have to be monitored and destroyed beforewater contacts the dialysis membrane; formation of toxic by-products; no on-line supply of pyrogen-free water, and cost. In the proposed system, the disinfecting agents are produced in situ, consumed inside the photoreactor, and capable of complete mineralization of organic matter. Short treatment times will be achieved by incorporating an effective photocatalyst (inorganic, non-toxic, and chemically and biologically inert material) in an efficient reactor design. The aim of this Phase I is to evaluate the technical feasibilityof the novel photoreactor for on-line production of pyrogen-free water based on the construction and evaluation of a laboratory scale system. During the Phase II, an automatic system will be developed and integrated in a hemodialysis system. The proposed system will find immediate application in many sectors of the industry. Pyrogen-free water is required in all hemodialysis systems. In addition, large quantities of pyrogen-free water are used by the medical industry such as in intravenous infusion fluids, fluids for infection and for irrigation in operating rooms. Also, sterile water is needed in the hydroponics industry.