Effects of Confinement on Quantum Fluids

这是一个实验凝聚态物理项目，旨在了解将液氦限制在一维和二维中的效果。已经表明，在氢表面上，惰性层，或在T=0极限下出现超流性的最小氦覆盖率，是液体单层的一半。这就提出了一个问题，即惰性层是否可以在更弱的基材上进一步还原，例如碱金属表面。最近的一项计算预测，在铯-银化合物表面上，稀氢层不会固化，并将表现出超流体行为。最近的研究发现，氦-3等气体很容易被吸附到单壁碳纳米管的内部。如果氦在低温下保持液态，正如预测的那样，这将是一维Luttinger液体的实验实现。扭振子、热容和脉冲核磁共振技术将被用来研究这些受限量子系统。这是一个实验性的凝聚态物理项目，旨在了解在一维和二维空间中限制液氦的后果。液氦是一种独特的液体， 在低温下由量子力学控制，并转化为超流体。超流态的物理性质类似于某些金属和合金的超导态。通过将原子级薄的氦膜吸附到固体表面上，并进入最近发现的单全碳纳米管的内部通道，可以用高灵敏度的质量解耦和其他技术来探索二维和一维的超流性。除了解决量子系统在降低维度的一些基本问题外，这些实验还将揭示高温超导体物理学和人工工程纳米结构的见解。与该项目相关的学生将接受优秀的培训，配备最先进的仪器，为他们在学术界或工业界的职业生涯做好准备。

This is an experimental condensed matter physics project that seeks to understand the effect of confining liquid helium into one and two dimensions. It has been shown that on a hydrogen surface, the inert layer, or the minimum helium coverage for the appearance of superfluidity in the T=0 limit, is half a liquid monolayer. This raises the question of whether the inert layer can be reduced further on an even weaker substrate, such as an alkali metal surface. A recent calculation predicted that on a cesium-silver compound surface, a dilute hydrogen layer will not solidify and will exhibit superfluid behavior. It has been found recently that helium-3 and other gases are easily adsorbed into the interior of single-wall-carbon-nanotubes. If helium remains liquids at low temperatures, as is predicted, this will be an experimental realization of one dimensional Luttinger liquid. Torsional oscillator, heat capacity and pulsed NMR techniques will be employed to study these confined quantum systems.%%%This is an experimental condensed matter physics project that seeks to understand the consequences of confining liquid helium in one and two dimensions. Liquid helium is an unique liquid in that its properties are dominated by quantum mechanics at low temperatures and transforms into a superfluid. The physics of the superfluid state is analogous to the superconducting state of certain metals and alloys. By adsorbing atomically thin helium films onto solid surfaces an into the interior channels of recently discovered single-all-carbon nanotubes, the properties of superfluidity in two and one dimensions can be explored with highly sensitive mass decoupling and other techniques. In addition to addressing a number of fundamental questions of quantum systems in reduced dimensions, these experiments will also shed insights on the physics of high temperature superconductors and on artificially engineered nanoscale structures. Students associated with this project will receive excellent training, with state-of-the-art instrumentation, that will prepare them for careers in academia or industry.