Artificial Materials: Fabrication and Property Evaluation

人造材料：制造和性能评估

• 批准号: 9972620
• 负责人: John Halloran
• 金额: $ 33万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-07-15 至 2003-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9972620&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Artificial; Materials; Fabrication; Property; Evaluation

9972620Halloran'Artificial Materials' could become a new class of engineering materials with unprecedented properties. An Artificial Material is a designed structure, built on a very fine scale. It consists of one or several ordinary substances arranged according to a sophisticated design that leads to the unique macroscopic properties. The designers of Artificial Materials promise "pre-determined" properties. They have shown, theoretically, how to choose a particular property tensor, and design a structure that will display exactly those properties. This concept has outstanding potential for Materials Science, since it offers new types of unique and valuable properties, obtained from ordinary substances. However, this potential has not been demonstrated physically. Recently several researchers in the field of Optimal Design, using techniques of Topology Optimization, have designed Artificial Materials that are predicted to have outstanding properties, such as zero thermal expansion or remarkably high piezoelectric properties. In this high-risk/high-payoff project, the PI will collaborate with these designers, and fabricate their structures from conventional ceramics, evaluate their properties, and compare experiment with theory. Optimally Designed materials are fine scale arrays of solid and void, which require unique fabrication methods that can form sub-millimeter features. A new technique developed by the PI, Microfabrication by Co-Extrusion, will be used to produce the Artificial Materials from two-dimensional designs with features in the 50-micron size range. Other fabrication techniques will be used as well: Indirect Ceramic Stereolithography to produce three-dimensional designs with features in the 300-micron size range, and Direct Ceramic Inkjet Deposition for designs in the 100-micron size range. Ceramic-air composites will be fabricated from Optimal Designs obtained from the PI's collaborators and then the piezoelectric and elastic properties will be determined and compared to theoretical predictions. Artificial Materials with zero thermal expansion will be also be fabricated, using ceramic-filled polymer composites, and their thermoelastic properties will be characterized.%%%The objective of the program is to explore the practical application of Optimal Design by Topology Optimization to engineering materials, extend Image-Based Design techniques to materials processing, and create unique piezoelectric and thermoelastic materials. The concept of Artificial Materials came from the computational design community. This type of material are not yet available because of the major challenge in fabrication. The PI proposes to fabricate them using state-of-the-art ceramics processing techniques from designs obtained from his collaborators to perform this multidisciplinary project. This effort will bring materials science closer to the goal of "materials by design."***

9972620Halloran‘人造材料’有望成为一种性能前所未有的新型工程材料。人造材料是一种精心设计的结构，建造在非常精细的尺度上。它由一种或几种普通物质按照复杂的设计排列而成，从而产生独特的宏观性质。人造材料的设计者承诺“预先确定”的特性。从理论上讲，他们展示了如何选择特定的属性张量，并设计出一种能够准确显示这些属性的结构。这一概念在材料科学中具有突出的潜力，因为它提供了从普通物质中获得的新型独特和有价值的性质。然而，这种潜力还没有得到物理上的证明。最近，优化设计领域的几位研究人员利用拓扑优化技术，设计出了具有优异性能的人造材料，如零热膨胀或极高的压电性能。在这个高风险/高回报的项目中，PI将与这些设计师合作，用传统陶瓷制作它们的结构，评估它们的性能，并将实验与理论进行比较。优化设计的材料是实心和空隙的精细阵列，这需要独特的制造方法，可以形成亚毫米级的特征。PI开发的一种新技术--共挤压微制造--将用于从具有50微米尺寸范围的特征的二维设计中生产人造材料。还将使用其他制造技术：用于生产具有300微米尺寸范围的特征的三维设计的间接陶瓷立体光刻术，以及用于100微米尺寸范围的设计的直接陶瓷喷墨沉积。陶瓷-空气复合材料将从PI的合作者那里获得最佳设计，然后将确定其压电和弹性性能，并与理论预测进行比较。还将利用陶瓷填充聚合物复合材料制造零热膨胀的人造材料，并对其热弹性性能进行表征。%该计划的目标是探索拓扑优化设计在工程材料中的实际应用，将基于图像的设计技术扩展到材料加工，并创造独特的压电和热弹性材料。人工材料的概念来自于计算设计界。由于制造上的重大挑战，这种类型的材料目前还不可用。PI建议使用最先进的陶瓷加工技术来制作它们，这些技术来自他的合作者的设计，以执行这个多学科的项目。这一努力将使材料科学更接近“设计材料”的目标。*