IGERT Formal Proposal: Problem-centered research training: Integrating formal and empirical methods in the cognitive science of language

该综合研究生教育和研究培训（IGERT）奖支持在研究生教育的新范式中建立教育和研究的多学科研究生培训计划：以问题为中心的培训，不是由学科的边界划定，而是由解决问题的需求。学生接受来自各种传统学科的广泛研究方法的培训。IGERT计划针对的一般问题是：“大脑如何实现其功能？“该计划侧重于一个特别重要的认知功能：语言。语言基础研究对语言相关神经和学习障碍的诊断和治疗、识字和语言教育以及数字语言技术具有长期影响。认知科学的计算框架使问题得以更精确地表述：我们的语言能力背后的表征结构、处理算法和学习算法是什么？这些表征和算法是如何在大脑中实现的？IGERT学员在约翰霍普金斯大学与国际公认的领导者一起学习，通过独特的多学科研究方法获得理论和经验上的复杂性：（i）语言处理和学习的计算和数学建模，包括符号方法和神经网络，在一系列语言形式主义中;（ii）成人和婴儿语言处理和学习的心理实验;（iii）语言处理和学习。（iii）语言处理过程中大脑活动的神经成像;（iv）成人、儿童和第二语言学习者语言的语法分析;（v）后天和发展性神经损伤导致的语言缺陷的神经心理学;和（vi）自动语音和语言处理的计算方法。IGERT是一个全国科学基金会范围内的计划，旨在促进建立创新的，以研究为基础的研究生课程，将培养一批多样化的科学家和工程师，为利用广泛的职业选择做好充分准备。IGERT为博士机构提供了一个开发新的，重点突出的多学科研究生课程的机会，这些课程超越了组织界限，并将来自多个部门或机构的教师联合起来，为培训和研究建立一个高度互动，协作的环境。在该计划的第二年，该奖项将颁发给21个机构，这些机构的项目涵盖了NSF支持的所有科学和工程领域。该奖项由社会，行为和经济科学，生物科学，计算机和信息科学与工程以及教育和人力资源局的资金支持。

This Integrative Graduate Education and Research Training (IGERT) award supports the establishment of a multidisciplinary graduate training program of education and research in a new paradigm of graduate education: Problem-Centered training, delimited not by the boundaries of an academic discipline, but by the demands of solving a problem. Students are trained in a broad range of research methods derived from a diverse set of traditional disciplines. The general problem targeted by this IGERT program is: "How does the brain achieve its function?" The program focuses on one particularly important cognitive function: language. Basic research on language has long-term implications for diagnosis and treatment of language-related neurological and learning disorders, for literacy and language education, and for digital language technologies. The computational framework of cognitive science allows the problem to be formulated more precisely: What are the representational structures, processing algorithms, and learning algorithms underlying our linguistic abilities? How are these representations and algorithms realized in the brain? Studying with internationally recognized leaders at Johns Hopkins, IGERT trainees acquire both theoretical and empirical sophistication through a uniquely multidisciplinary range of research methods: (i) computational and mathematical modeling of language processing and learning, including symbolic methods and neural networks, in a range of linguistic formalisms; (ii) psychological experimentation on adult and infant language processing and learning; (iii) neuroimaging of brain activity during language processing; (iv) grammatical analysis of the language of adults, children, and second-language learners; (v) neuropsychology of language deficits from acquired and developmental neurological damage; and (vi) computational methods of automatic speech and language processing.IGERT is an NSF-wide program intended to facilitate the establishment of innovative, research-based graduate programs that will train a diverse group of scientists and engineers to be well-prepared to take advantage of a broad spectrum of career options. IGERT provides doctoral institutions with an opportunity to develop new, well-focussed multidisciplinary graduate programs that transcend organizational boundaries and unite faculty from several departments or institutions to establish a highly interactive, collaborative environment for both training and research. In this second year of the program, awards are being made to twenty-one institutions for programs that collectively span all areas of science and engineering supported by NSF. This specific award is supported by funds from the Directorates for Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences, for Biological Sciences, for Computer and Information Science and Engineering, and for Education and Human Resources.