IGERT Formal Proposal: Problem-centered research training: Integrating formal and empirical methods in the cognitive science of language

这个综合研究生教育和研究培训（IGERT）奖支持在研究生教育的新范式中建立一个多学科的教育和研究研究生培训计划：以问题为中心的培训，不受学科界限的限制，而是受解决问题的需求的限制。学生们接受了广泛的研究方法的培训，这些研究方法来源于不同的传统学科。这个IGERT项目针对的一般问题是：“大脑是如何实现其功能的？”该课程侧重于一项特别重要的认知功能：语言。语言的基础研究对与语言相关的神经和学习障碍的诊断和治疗、读写和语言教育以及数字语言技术具有长期意义。认知科学的计算框架允许更精确地表述问题：我们语言能力背后的表征结构、处理算法和学习算法是什么？这些表征和算法是如何在大脑中实现的？与约翰霍普金斯大学国际公认的领导者一起学习，IGERT学员通过独特的多学科研究方法获得理论和经验的复杂性：(i)语言处理和学习的计算和数学建模，包括符号方法和神经网络，在一系列语言形式中；（二）成人和婴儿语言加工和学习的心理实验；（iii）语言处理过程中大脑活动的神经成像；（四）对成人、儿童和第二语言学习者的语言语法分析；(v)后天和发育性神经损伤引起的语言缺陷的神经心理学；（六）语音和语言自动处理的计算方法。IGERT是一项nsf范围内的计划，旨在促进建立创新的，以研究为基础的研究生课程，培养多样化的科学家和工程师群体，为充分利用广泛的职业选择做好准备。IGERT为博士机构提供了一个开发新的、重点突出的多学科研究生课程的机会，这些课程超越了组织界限，并将来自几个部门或机构的教师联合起来，为培训和研究建立一个高度互动、协作的环境。在该计划的第二年，奖项将颁发给21个机构，这些机构的项目涵盖了NSF支持的所有科学和工程领域。这个特殊的奖项由社会、行为和经济科学、生物科学、计算机和信息科学与工程以及教育和人力资源理事会的资金支持。

This Integrative Graduate Education and Research Training (IGERT) award supports the establishment of a multidisciplinary graduate training program of education and research in a new paradigm of graduate education: Problem-Centered training, delimited not by the boundaries of an academic discipline, but by the demands of solving a problem. Students are trained in a broad range of research methods derived from a diverse set of traditional disciplines. The general problem targeted by this IGERT program is: "How does the brain achieve its function?" The program focuses on one particularly important cognitive function: language. Basic research on language has long-term implications for diagnosis and treatment of language-related neurological and learning disorders, for literacy and language education, and for digital language technologies. The computational framework of cognitive science allows the problem to be formulated more precisely: What are the representational structures, processing algorithms, and learning algorithms underlying our linguistic abilities? How are these representations and algorithms realized in the brain? Studying with internationally recognized leaders at Johns Hopkins, IGERT trainees acquire both theoretical and empirical sophistication through a uniquely multidisciplinary range of research methods: (i) computational and mathematical modeling of language processing and learning, including symbolic methods and neural networks, in a range of linguistic formalisms; (ii) psychological experimentation on adult and infant language processing and learning; (iii) neuroimaging of brain activity during language processing; (iv) grammatical analysis of the language of adults, children, and second-language learners; (v) neuropsychology of language deficits from acquired and developmental neurological damage; and (vi) computational methods of automatic speech and language processing.IGERT is an NSF-wide program intended to facilitate the establishment of innovative, research-based graduate programs that will train a diverse group of scientists and engineers to be well-prepared to take advantage of a broad spectrum of career options. IGERT provides doctoral institutions with an opportunity to develop new, well-focussed multidisciplinary graduate programs that transcend organizational boundaries and unite faculty from several departments or institutions to establish a highly interactive, collaborative environment for both training and research. In this second year of the program, awards are being made to twenty-one institutions for programs that collectively span all areas of science and engineering supported by NSF. This specific award is supported by funds from the Directorates for Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences, for Biological Sciences, for Computer and Information Science and Engineering, and for Education and Human Resources.