IGERT Formal Proposal: Problem-centered research training: Integrating formal and empirical methods in the cognitive science of language

这一综合性研究生教育与研究培训(IGERT)奖支持在研究生教育的新范式下建立一个多学科的教育和研究研究生培训计划：以问题为中心的培训，不以学术学科的边界为界限，而是以解决问题的要求为界限。学生们接受了广泛的研究方法的培训，这些方法来自一系列不同的传统学科。IGERT项目针对的普遍问题是：“大脑是如何实现其功能的？”该项目侧重于一种特别重要的认知功能：语言。语言基础研究对语言相关神经和学习障碍的诊断和治疗、扫盲和语言教育以及数字语言技术具有长期影响。认知科学的计算框架可以更精确地表达这个问题：我们语言能力背后的表征结构、处理算法和学习算法是什么？这些表示和算法是如何在大脑中实现的？在约翰霍普金斯大学与国际公认的领导者一起学习，IGERT受训人员通过一系列独特的多学科研究方法获得理论和经验上的复杂性：(I)语言处理和学习的计算和数学模型，包括符号方法和神经网络，在一系列语言形式主义；(Ii)成人和婴儿语言处理和学习的心理实验；(Iii)语言处理过程中大脑活动的神经成像；(Iv)成人、儿童和第二语言学习者语言的语法分析；(V)后天和发展性神经损伤导致的语言缺陷的神经心理学；和(Vi)自动语音和语言处理的计算方法。IGERT是一个NSF范围的计划，旨在促进建立创新的、以研究为基础的研究生计划，这些计划将培训不同的科学家和工程师群体，使他们做好充分准备，利用广泛的职业选择。IGERT为博士机构提供了一个机会，以开发新的、重点明确的、超越组织边界的多学科研究生课程，并团结来自几个系或机构的教师，为培训和研究建立一个高度互动、协作的环境。在该计划的第二年，将向21个机构颁发奖项，这些机构的项目共同涵盖了NSF支持的所有科学和工程领域。这一具体奖项由社会、行为和经济科学理事会、生物科学理事会、计算机和信息科学与工程理事会以及教育和人力资源理事会资助。

This Integrative Graduate Education and Research Training (IGERT) award supports the establishment of a multidisciplinary graduate training program of education and research in a new paradigm of graduate education: Problem-Centered training, delimited not by the boundaries of an academic discipline, but by the demands of solving a problem. Students are trained in a broad range of research methods derived from a diverse set of traditional disciplines. The general problem targeted by this IGERT program is: "How does the brain achieve its function?" The program focuses on one particularly important cognitive function: language. Basic research on language has long-term implications for diagnosis and treatment of language-related neurological and learning disorders, for literacy and language education, and for digital language technologies. The computational framework of cognitive science allows the problem to be formulated more precisely: What are the representational structures, processing algorithms, and learning algorithms underlying our linguistic abilities? How are these representations and algorithms realized in the brain? Studying with internationally recognized leaders at Johns Hopkins, IGERT trainees acquire both theoretical and empirical sophistication through a uniquely multidisciplinary range of research methods: (i) computational and mathematical modeling of language processing and learning, including symbolic methods and neural networks, in a range of linguistic formalisms; (ii) psychological experimentation on adult and infant language processing and learning; (iii) neuroimaging of brain activity during language processing; (iv) grammatical analysis of the language of adults, children, and second-language learners; (v) neuropsychology of language deficits from acquired and developmental neurological damage; and (vi) computational methods of automatic speech and language processing.IGERT is an NSF-wide program intended to facilitate the establishment of innovative, research-based graduate programs that will train a diverse group of scientists and engineers to be well-prepared to take advantage of a broad spectrum of career options. IGERT provides doctoral institutions with an opportunity to develop new, well-focussed multidisciplinary graduate programs that transcend organizational boundaries and unite faculty from several departments or institutions to establish a highly interactive, collaborative environment for both training and research. In this second year of the program, awards are being made to twenty-one institutions for programs that collectively span all areas of science and engineering supported by NSF. This specific award is supported by funds from the Directorates for Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences, for Biological Sciences, for Computer and Information Science and Engineering, and for Education and Human Resources.