(EGB) Natural Estrogens in Spring Water in the Ozark Plateau Region

(EGB) 奥扎克高原地区泉水中的天然雌激素

• 批准号: 9975380
• 负责人: Carol Wicks
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: University of Missouri-Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-09-01 至 2003-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9975380&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EGB; Natural; Estrogens; Spring; Water

9975380WicksIn the karstic Ozark Plateau region of Missouri and Arkansas, numerous springs are used as the water supply for fish hatcheries. In addition, streams fed by spring water are good habitat for many non-game fish species; also, two species of endangered cavefish have been found to live within the karstic aquifers. At relatively low concentrations, the naturally occurring estrogen compounds (17-B estradiol (E2 ) and estrone (E1 ), which are discharged from livestock and sewage wastes, lead to feminization of fish, and at somewhat higher concentrations to failure of vital organs and death. Thus, contamination of the groundwater and spring waters by wastes that contain E2 ) and E1 ) could adversely impact the health of game fish, non-game fish, and cavefish.Our first goal is to determine the geographic distribution and the extent to which the spring waters of the Ozark Plateau are contaminated with E2 and E1 by establishing a sampling and storage protocol for measuring their concentration in spring waters using ELISA technique. Preliminary sampling at four springs within the Springfield Plateau have found E2 concentrations ranging from 10 to 65 ng/L. These concentrations are within the range having a deleterious effects on biota (50ng/L). We have not yet found a spring that does not have E2 contamination.This data will be presented to State level agencies. Also, by determining the distribution and extent of the contamination, we will be able to focus subsequent research on six springs (the three that exhibit the lowest concentrations of E2 and E1 and the three that exhibit the highest concentrations of E2 and E1).Once the springs are selected, we will determine the mass flux of E2 and E1 discharged from the karstic aquifer by measuring discharge by using standard surface water gauging techniques and stage recorders. Since the concentrations of E2 and E1 can be reliably determined down to 20 ng/L, the mass flux of E2 and E1 out of the basins can be determined. These basins are fed by large losing streams that supply 90% of the discharge. For each basin, the losing stream will be located and gauged. Errors on mass flux calculations can be minimized by careful stream gauging, careful analytical work, and by making sure all losing streams (if these are multiple losing streams) are gauged.Because the cavefish live in the aquifer and the sampling measures discharge from the aquifer, the cavefish might be exposed to higher concentrations due to degradation in the aquifer. Our third goal is to determine whether E2 and E1 are degraded at typical spring water conditions (chemical and physical) and to determine the concentration and dosages experienced by the cavefish.

9975380Wicks 在密苏里州和阿肯色州的喀斯特奥扎克高原地区，有许多泉水被用作鱼类孵化场的供水。 此外，由泉水供给的溪流是许多非狩猎鱼类的良好栖息地；此外，还发现喀斯特含水层内生活着两种濒临灭绝的洞穴鱼。 在相对较低的浓度下，从牲畜和污水废物中排出的天然存在的雌激素化合物（17-B雌二醇（E2）和雌酮（E1））会导致鱼类女性化，而在较高浓度下，会导致重要器官衰竭和死亡。因此，含有E2）和E1的废物对地下水和泉水的污染可能会对野味鱼的健康产生不利影响。 我们的首要目标是通过建立采样和存储方案，使用 ELISA 技术测量泉水中 E2 和 E1 的浓度，确定奥扎克高原泉水受 E2 和 E1 污染的地理分布和程度。 对斯普林菲尔德高原内四个泉水的初步采样发现 E2 浓度范围为 10 至 65 ng/L。 这些浓度在对生物群有有害影响的范围内（50ng/L）。 我们尚未发现没有 E2 污染的泉水。该数据将提交给州级机构。 此外，通过确定污染的分布和程度，我们将能够集中对六个泉水进行后续研究（E2和E1浓度最低的三个，E2和E1浓度最高的三个）。一旦选定泉水，我们将通过使用标准地表水计量技术和阶段记录仪测量流量来确定从岩溶含水层排放的E2和E1的质量通量。由于可以可靠地测定低至 20 ng/L 的 E2 和 E1 浓度，因此可以测定流出盆地的 E2 和 E1 的质量通量。 这些流域的水源来自大量流失的河流，提供了 90% 的排放量。 对于每个盆地，将定位并测量流失的河流。 通过仔细的流量测量、仔细的分析工作以及确保测量所有流失的溪流（如果这些是多个流失的溪流），可以最大限度地减少质量通量计算的误差。由于洞穴鱼生活在含水层中，并且采样测量含水层的排放量，因此由于含水层的退化，洞穴鱼可能会暴露在更高浓度的环境中。 我们的第三个目标是确定 E2 和 E1 在典型泉水条件（化学和物理）下是否会降解，并确定洞穴鱼所经历的浓度和剂量。