Tools for Potato Structural and Functional Genomics

马铃薯结构和功能基因组学工具

• 批准号: 9975866
• 负责人: Barbara Baker
• 金额: $ 530万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Cooperative Agreement
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-10-01 至 2005-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9975866&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Tools; Potato; Structural; Functional; Genomics

Potato is a crop of worldwide importance and one of the most important dicotyledonous sources of food for humans. In light of threats to worldwide potato production by late blight, research on the plant's response to infection by microbial pathogens will be critical to environmentally sound agricultural production. A century of breeding efforts in potato have resulted in the introduction of resistance traits from abundant wild Solanum germplasm collections to pathogen susceptible cultivated species. However, breeding of cultivated potato for a single disease resistance trait can take years and pathogens rapidly evolve to overcome single resistance traits. Potato breeders are in need of additional information and genetic resources to compete with the challenges of ever changing pathogen populations. Genetic studies have identified untapped pathogen resistance traits in wild Solanum species. Accumulating evidence suggests that regions of wild potato genomes may contain large clustered arrays of resistance loci to several different pathogens. Recent developments in biotechnology have greatly facilitated genetic research in potato, including recent advances in genomic sequencing which allow for the rapid collection and analysis of vast amounts of DNA sequence data. The genomes of two wild potato species containing many resistance traits are available as deep bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries. The genomic sequences of these important regions will be determined, allowing interspecific comparisons as well as the development of allele-specific molecular markers that can be used by researchers for introgression of desirable traits using marker-aided selection. Another widely used approach is the generation of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs). These short, randomly selected sequences are a very cost effective way of identifying a large number of genes expressed in a tissue. This award supports: (1) Identification, isolation and sequencing of regions of wild potato genomes bearing disease resistance (R) genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for P. infestans resistance. The genome sequences of these important regions will be determined, annotated, compared to each other and made publicly available. These sequences will facilitate the cloning of the significant resistance genes and other traits to combat late blight disease, provide tools to readily isolate and characterize functionally similar regions from other wild Solanum genomes to combat late blight, and provide substrates for evolutionary studies; (2) Generation of 55,000 ESTs from a variety of potato tissues and from disease-challenged tissues, to construct an annotated, publicly available Potato Gene Index and establishment of a potato Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) database including sequences expressed during response to late blight pathogen infection; (3) Specific ESTs will be selected and arrayed to fabricate potato cDNA microarrays, and used for genome-wide analyses during responses to pathogen infection and other plant processes; (4) Refinement of the syntenic relationship between potato and tomato and to base the linkage between these two genomes on orthologous sequences, which are also being anchored in the Arabidopsis genome. Tools and information will be made available to the scientific community for studies on late blight disease and will provide materials and information pertinent to the investigation of other pathogen diseases and critical plant processes.

马铃薯是世界范围内重要的作物，也是人类最重要的双子叶植物食物来源之一。 鉴于晚疫病对全球马铃薯生产的威胁，研究植物对微生物病原体感染的反应对于无害环境的农业生产至关重要。 一个世纪的马铃薯育种努力已将抗性性状从丰富的野生茄属种质资源引入到对病原体敏感的栽培品种中。 然而，针对单一抗病性状培育栽培马铃薯可能需要数年时间，并且病原体会迅速进化以克服单一抗病性状。马铃薯育种者需要额外的信息和遗传资源来应对不断变化的病原体种群的挑战。遗传学研究已经确定了野生茄属植物尚未开发的病原体抗性特征。 越来越多的证据表明，野生马铃薯基因组区域可能包含针对几种不同病原体的大簇抗性基因座阵列。 生物技术的最新发展极大地促进了马铃薯的遗传学研究，包括基因组测序的最新进展，可以快速收集和分析大量 DNA 序列数据。含有许多抗性性状的两种野生马铃薯物种的基因组可作为深层细菌人工染色体（BAC）文库使用。这些重要区域的基因组序列将被确定，从而允许进行种间比较以及等位基因特异性分子标记的开发，研究人员可以使用这些分子标记通过标记辅助选择来基因渗入所需的性状。 另一种广泛使用的方法是生成表达序列标签（EST）。 这些短的、随机选择的序列是识别组织中表达的大量基因的非常经济有效的方法。该奖项支持： (1) 对携带抗病 (R) 基因和致病疫霉抗性数量性状基因座 (QTL) 的野生马铃薯基因组区域进行鉴定、分离和测序。 这些重要区域的基因组序列将被确定、注释、相互比较并公开。 这些序列将有助于克隆重要的抗性基因和其他性状以对抗晚疫病，提供工具以方便地从其他野生茄属基因组中分离和表征功能相似的区域以对抗晚疫病，并为进化研究提供底物； (2) 从各种马铃薯组织和受病害组织中生成 55,000 个 EST，以构建带注释的、公开的马铃薯基因索引，并建立马铃薯表达序列标签（EST）数据库，包括在晚疫病病原体感染反应期间表达的序列； (3) 选择并排列特定的EST来制造马铃薯cDNA微阵列，并用于在病原体感染反应和其他植物过程中进行全基因组分析； (4) 细化马铃薯和番茄之间的同线性关系，并将这两个基因组之间的联系建立在直系同源序列的基础上，这些序列也锚定在拟南芥基因组中。 将向科学界提供用于晚疫病研究的工具和信息，并将提供与其他病原体疾病和关键植物过程调查相关的材料和信息。