PEET: Classification of Aphelinidae and Trichogrammitidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)

9978150小寄生蜂（heraty和Pinto）是世界范围内重要的生物防治剂，在自然和农业环境中对蚜虫、蚧虫和粉虱都有显著的防治效果。尽管大约有18000个科学名称被记录下来，但对这些微小黄蜂的分类学、分类和系统发育的了解还很不发达。由于成虫的体型通常小于2毫米，因此很少有容易辨认的特征来帮助识别和分类，该群体的分类依赖于繁琐的显微镜检查，通常来自有限的标本。来自全昆虫坐骑电子显微镜的新形态特征，以及来自基因测序的新DNA证据，现在提供了该领域的振兴，来自加州大学河滨分校的这支强大的研究团队做出了开创性的贡献。与世界上为数不多的专家建立了令人印象深刻的合作网络，这些同事还将促进新的实地标本收集和对欧洲和澳大利亚现有主要博物馆藏品的研究。研究生培训建立在大学对昆虫学研究和培训的大量承诺之上。该项目的数据库方面建立在一个现有的网站上，专门研究黄蜂生物学和系统学，并扩大了样本数据的清单。

9978150Heraty and Pinto Small parasitic wasps of the Chalcidoidea group are important biocontrol agents throughout the world, with recorded effects on aphids, scale insects, and whitefly pests in both natural and agricultural environments. Although ca. 18,000 scientific names have been recorded for the group, the taxonomy, classification, and phylogenetic understanding of these minute wasps are poorly developed. With adults often less than 2 mm in size and consequently with few easily discernible features to aid in identification and classification, the taxonomy of the group has relied upon tedious microscopic examination, often from limited collections. New morphological characters from electron microscopy of whole-insect mounts, and new DNA evidence from gene sequencing, now offer a revitalization of the field, with pioneering contributions from this strong team of researchers at University of California-Riverside. An impressive network of collaboration has been established with the relatively few remaining specialists in the world, and these colleagues will also facilitate new field collecting of specimens and studies of existing major museum holdings in Europe and Australia. Graduate student training builds upon a substantial university commitment to research and training in entomology. Databasing aspects of the project build upon an existing website devoted to studies of wasp biology and systematics, with an expanding inventory of specimen data.